Humphries, Andrew. 2003. "Ancient Lands Cast Long Shadows: The Case for Reconnection with English Commons for Sustainable Management and Use", in Commons: Old and New, Berge, E and Carlsson, L, Eds., pages 173-181. Trondheim, Norway: Department of Sociology and Political Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology.

Abstract

"This paper attempts to bring into context historical and contemporary aspects of the institutional framework of English commons with particular reference to the upland grazing areas of the North and West which are of particular significance for sheep grazing. The context for a system based on ancient customary practice in the 21st century will be addressed together with proposals for modernising legislation based on statute. The contemporary response of commoners will be outlined with particular reference to Cumbria which embraces 30% of the English common land area. The principle characteristics discussed are relevant to England and Wales. Scotland has a different history and legal framework."