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PDF
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Type:
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Working Paper |
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Author:
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Van Heerden, J.; Gerlagh, R.; Blignaut, J.; Horridge, M.; Hess, S.; Mabugu, R.; Mabugu, M. |
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Date:
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2005 |
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Agency:
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Series:
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Poverty Reduction and Environmental Programme, no. 05/02 |
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URI:
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https://hdl.handle.net/10535/5979
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Sector:
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General & Multiple Resources
Social Organization |
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Region:
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Africa |
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Subject(s):
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energy
taxation
pollution
poverty alleviation
environment
environmental economics
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Abstract:
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"A CGE model of South Africa is used to find the potential for a 'double or triple dividend', if the revenues raised from an energy related environmental tax are recycled into households and industry through lowering existing taxes. Four environmental taxes and three revenue-recycling schemes are compared. The environmental taxes are (i) a tax on greenhouse gas emissions, (ii) a fuel tax, (iii) a tax on electricity use, and (iv) an energy tax. The four taxes are constructed such that they have a comparable effect on emissions. The revenue is recycled through either (i) a direct tax break on both labour and capital, (ii) an indirect tax break to all households, or (iii) a reduction in the price of food. A triple dividend is found when any one of the environmental taxes is recycled through a reduction in food prices."
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