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Abstract:
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"In the first steps of environmental history, ecological efficiency of common woodlands, especially belonged to peasant communities, has been basic variable for its development. Debate had been focused for many years in GardinŽs proposal, but now the construction of new paradigms in environmental history have developed new approaches. Not only from the perspective of forms of property, because the maintenance or deconstruction - on its environmental dimension- has been linked with the transformation of mode of use or natural resources (following Guha ideas). This is the space for discussion around sustainability, privatization/mercantilization of CPRs means an incentive for protection and environmental and efficient management of natural resources or in contemporary age has been implementing an overexploitation of ecosystems and CPRs. Where are the exclusion criteria, traditional rules of access and forms of organization of communities in order to improve the sustainable form of management of resources in agrarian communities around the world? We will make a review about this variable and propose a new interpretation of this debate from the perspective of sustainability (González de Molina, et al, 2002). 'Historicity' of common property is the main idea.
"Spanish Case, debate unreasonably polarized between defender and detractors of common property. Both them may be qualified like 'nominalist', due to they don't incorporate that the degree of conservation, which reveals Spanish woodlands, isnŽt correlated directly with the kind of property implemented. We propose an alternative theory rests on the concept 'dislocation of common property' that may explain the present-day situation and the dynamic history.
"First tendency 'pro-state' defence efficiency of privatization/ mercantilizacion of CPRs in historical dimension, productivist view of state interventionism that implemented an positive correlation between forest law and promotion of a intensivecommercial form of management in which woodlands become an element of 'agroindustrial' system like origin of raw materials.
"In the opposite are situated who consider the triumph of productivist criteria in management of woodlands, sponsored by State and private owners for getting the segmentation of uses, exclusion of integrated uses and search of currency and physical highest profit, importing non- native species could not be considered in positive manner from environmental perspective ('comunalista tendency').
"Finally, we propose a new methodological tool for the interpretation of sustainable dimension of CPRs in historical perspective: 'dislocation of common property' (Ortega Santos, 2002). This frame means that historical transformation of commons was a multiple dimension: Judicial way of dislocation of commons by the transformation of property rights (illegal appropiation or state sell of lands in public auction 'desarmotizacion' in spanish), Productive dislocation of commons by the implementation of privatization of uses, controlled by forestry state administration or local power that means a destruction of the basis reproductive strategies of peasant economies in south of Europe. And the last one, environmental conflicts around the commons like a non direct indicator of change of mode of use of natural resources, from peasant XVIIIth century to industrial XIXth century mode of use of natural resources."
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