(Springer-Verlag, 1995) Doumenge, Charles; Gilmour, Don; Pérez, Manuel Ruiz; Blockhus, Jill; Hamilton, L. S.; Juvik, J. O.; Scatena, F. N.
"In this paper, we will refer to tropical montane cloud forests (TMCF) in a topographic sense, as cloud forests lying on wetter mountainsides, ridges and saddles, whether in montane or submontane floristic zones. They can be defined as tropical montane or submontane forests characterized by persistent clouds or fogs, sometimes with small trees, often with abundant mosses, ferns, lichens, or flowering plants in trees and on soil surface."