Browsing by Author "Apostle, Richard"

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Fleet Concentration in an ITQ Fishery: A Case Study of the Southwest Nova Scotia Mobile Gear Fleet
(1996) Wright, Ian; Apostle, Richard; Mazany, Leigh; McCay, Bonnie J.
"In this paper, we examine what has happened to the mobile gear, or inshore groundfish dragger, fleet in Southwest Nova Scotia after the introduction of individual quotas in 1991. Our main objective is to provide a case study of one instance where an individual quota scheme was introduced and to examine whether concentration of effort has indeed taken place. In the next section, we provide a discussion of the fishery and the background to the implementation of an individual transferable quota system in the fishery. In the third section, we analyze how ownership of the quota has changed over four years. For the first two years of the program, quotas could only be transferred on a temporary (one-year) basis. In the third year, transfers were allowed to be permanent, although temporary transfers were also allowed. In this section, we use standard measures of concentration to see how the effective ownership of quota has changed over time. In the fourth section, we make use of key informant information to analyze a 'true' ownership of the quota and its effect on concentration. As might be expected, information on the 'true' ownership of a quota indicates concentration is higher than what is shown by the standard concentration indices. In either case, however, the evidence is that there has been an increase in concentration of ownership of quota over the four years. The final section contains our conclusions and summary."
ITQs from a Community Perspective: The Case of the Canadian Scotia-Fundy Groundfish Fishery
(1994) Creed, Carolyn F.; Apostle, Richard; McCay, Bonnie J.
"There continues to be considerable interest in using rights-based management to prevent overfishing and overcapitalization. With implementation of a number of these types of regimes, the aim of current research has been to evaluate these regimes for their effectiveness and far their impact on communities. "Community issues duster around social equity, the distribution of resource rights. How resources are distributed affects individuals' material and social well-being political power. Distributive patterns also affect the fate of local, treasured institutions. From a fishing community's viewpoint, concentration of resource use-rights is the most salient and threatening consequence of instituting an ITQ system. Norwegians successfully resisted transferability and the Canadians chose to phase in this component largely because transferability makes concentration possible. "A social benefit of successful fishery management is sustainability. However, it is not clear that ITQ systems promote conservation. ITQs may increase individuals' incentives to cheat the system by highgrading, dumping, and illegal landings and harvesting small fish because they bring immediate profits."
Privatization in Fisheries: Lessons From Experiences in the U.S., Canada, and Norway
(1994) McCay, Bonnie J.; Apostle, Richard; Creed, Carolyn F.; Finlayson, Alan; Mikalsen, Knut H.
"In our research on fisheries management in Canada, Norway, and the United States, and in particular into systems of governance and market-oriented systems of resource allocation, we deal with the politics of conservation in several ways. The first concerns the politics of deciding for or against major institutional change. In all three countries, attempts to create so-called ITQs, or individual transferable quotas, in major commercial fisheries have been fraught with delay and controversy, largely because of the distributional issues raised by privatization and recourse to market-based regulation. The second concerns the structure of decision making, and in particular how user groups and their interests and concerns are and are not brought into the decision-making process. The third concerns the distributional effects of changes in fisheries property rights and how people respond to them. In this paper we touch upon aspects of these topics with particular emphasis on the hypothetical intersection of privatization and co-management."