Browsing by Author "Baggio, Jacopo A."

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Boundary Object or Bridging Concept? A Citation Network Analysis of Resilience
(2015) Baggio, Jacopo A.; Brown, Katrina; Hellebrandt, Denis
"Many recent studies observe the increasing importance, influence, and analysis of resilience as a concept to understand the capacity of a system or individual to respond to change. The term has achieved prominence in diverse scientific fields, as well as public discourse and policy arenas. As a result, resilience has been referred to as a boundary object or a bridging concept that is able to facilitate communication and understanding across disciplines, coordinate groups of actors or stakeholders, and build consensus around particular policy issues. We present a network analysis of bibliometric data to understand the extent to which resilience can be considered as a boundary object or a bridging concept in terms of its links across disciplines and scientific fields. We analyzed 994 papers and 35,952 citations between them to reveal the connectedness and links between and within fields. We analyzed the network according to different fields, modules, and sub-fields, showing a highly clustered citation network. Analyzing betweenness allowed us to identify how particular papers bridge across fields and how different fields are linked. With the exception of a few specific papers, most papers cite exclusively within their own field. We conclude that resilience is to an extent a boundary object because there are shared understandings across diverse disciplines and fields. However, it is more limited as a bridging concept because the citations across fields are concentrated among particular disciplines and papers, so the distinct fields do not widely or routinely refer to each other. There are some signs of resilience being used as an interdisciplinary concept to bridge scientific fields, particularly in social-ecological systems, which may itself constitute an emerging sub-field."
Challenges and Opportunities in Coding the Commons: Problems, Procedures, and Potential Solutions in Large-N Comparative Case Studies
(2015) Ratajczyk, Elicia; Ute, Brady; Baggio, Jacopo A.; Barnett, Allain J.; Pèrez-Ibarra, Irene; Rollins, Nathan; Rubiños, Cathy A.; Shin, Hoon C.; Yu, David J.; Aggarwal, Rimjhim; Anderies, John M.; Janssen, Marco A.
"On-going efforts to understand the dynamics of coupled social-ecological (or more broadly, coupled infrastructure) systems and common pool resources have led to the generation of numerous datasets based on a large number of case studies. This data has facilitated the identification of important factors and fundamental principles which increase our understanding of such complex systems. However, the data at our disposal are often not easily comparable, have limited scope and scale, and are based on disparate underlying frameworks inhibiting synthesis, meta-analysis, and the validation of findings. Research efforts are further hampered when case inclusion criteria, variable definitions, coding schema, and inter-coder reliability testing are not made explicit in the presentation of research and shared among the research community. This paper first outlines challenges experienced by researchers engaged in a large-scale coding project; then highlights valuable lessons learned in large-scale coding projects; and finally discusses opportunities for further research on comparative case study analysis focusing on social-ecological systems and common pool resources."
Cooperation in Asymmetric Commons Dilemmas
(2012) Pérez, Irene; Baggio, Jacopo A.; Rollins, Nathan D.; Janssen, Marco A.
"This paper is a study of collective action in asymmetric access to a common resource. An example is an irrigation system with upstream and downstream resource users. While both contribute to the maintenance of the common infrastructure, the upstream participant has rst access to the resource. Results of our two-player asymmetric commons game show that privileged resource access player invest more than the downstream players. Investments by the downstream player into the common resource are rewarded by a higher share from the common resource by the upstream player. Decisions are mainly explained by the levels of trust and trustworthiness. Introducing uncertainty in the production function of the common resource did not aect the results in a significant way."
Lab Experiments on Irrigation Games Under Uncertainty
(2014) Rollins, Nathan D.; Baggio, Jacopo A.; Perez, Irene; Janssen, Marco A.
"Research on collective action and common pool resources is extensive. However, little work has concentrated on the effect of uncertainty in resource availability and collective action, especially in the context of asymmetric access to resources. Earlier works have demonstrated that uncertainty often leads to a reduction of collective action in the governance of shared resources. Here we assess how uncertainty in the resource availability may impact collective action. We perform a behavioral experiment of an irrigation dilemma. In this dilemma participants invest first into a public fund that generates water resources for the group, which is subsequently appropriated one participant at the time from head-end to tail-end. The amount of resource generated for the given investment level is determined by a payo table and a stochastic event representing rainfall. Results show that access asymmetry and resulting inequalities dominate any effects from uncertainty about the resource condition. The strategic uncertainty about the decisions of other players dominates potential effects from the environmental uncertainty."
Studying the Complexity of Change: Toward an Analytical Framework for Understanding Deliberate Social-Ecological Transformations
(2014) Moore, Michele-Lee; Tjornbo, Ola; Enfors, Elin; Knapp, Corrie; Hodbod, Jennifer; Baggio, Jacopo A.; Norström, Albert; Olsson, Per
"Faced with numerous seemingly intractable social and environmental challenges, many scholars and practitioners are increasingly interested in understanding how to actively engage and transform the existing systems holding such problems in place. Although a variety of analytical models have emerged in recent years, most emphasize either the social or ecological elements of such transformations rather than their coupled nature. To address this, first we have presented a definition of the core elements of a social-ecological system (SES) that could potentially be altered in a transformation. Second, we drew on insights about transformation from three branches of literature focused on radical change, i.e., social movements, socio-technical transitions, and social innovation, and gave consideration to the similarities and differences with the current studies by resilience scholars. Drawing on these findings, we have proposed a framework that outlines the process and phases of transformative change in an SES. Future research will be able to utilize the framework as a tool for analyzing the alteration of social-ecological feedbacks, identifying critical barriers and leverage points and assessing the outcome of social-ecological transformations."
What to Monitor and at which Scale: Fragmented Landscapes and Insights on Large-Scale Conservation Management
(2013) Schoon, Michael L.; Baggio, Jacopo A.; Salau, Kehinde R.; Janssen, Marco A.
"In recent years there has been a shift in biodiversity conservation eorts from the connes of enclosed protected areas to a more expansive view of interlinked habitat patches across multiple land tenure types and land uses. However, much work remains on how conservation managers can intervene in such a system to achieve the sustainability of basic conservation goals. An agent-based model of a two-patch metapopulation with local predator-prey dynamics and variable, density-dependent species migration is used to examine the capacity of a manager to interact with and modify the ecosystem to achieve biodiversity conservation goals. We explore managers strategies aimed at main-taining one of two goals local coexistence of both predators and prey (sustained coexistence on one patch) or global coexistence of predators and prey (sustained coexistence on both patches). To achieve managements goal, the manager varies the level of connectivity between two habitat patches (i.e. a manager is thus able to facilitate or restrict movement of species between habitat patches) based on one of three monitoring strate-gies the monitoring of predator population levels, the monitoring of prey population levels, or the monitoring of the vegetation carrying capacity of the habitat patches. Our goal is to help facilitate management decisions and monitoring choices in conservation projects that move beyond the confines of a protected area and into mosaics of multiple land tenure types typical of many of todays large-scale conservation projects."