Browsing by Author "Bandaragoda, D. J."

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Community-based Institutions for Local Management of Water Resources: Results from Initial Efforts in Pakistan
(1998) Bandaragoda, D. J.
"The case is based primarily on an institutional development pilot project focusing on 'Farmer-Managed Irrigated Agriculture', which is being implemented by the International Irrigation Management Institute (IIMI) at three different locations in the Left Bank Outfall Drain (LBOD) districts in the Sindh Province of Pakistan. This action research is funded as part of the LBOD Stage I Project by the World Bank and the Swiss Development Cooperation. "The social organization pilot project in the Sindh is one of three such major pilot efforts by IIMI in Pakistan. The first pilot site to be started in this study program was the Hakra 4-R Distributary in the Fordwah Eastern Sadiqia (FES) irrigation and drainage system in south-eastern Punjab. Activities at this pilot site are part of the institutional development component of an on-going IIMI research project, 'Managing Irrigation for Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture in Pakistan', funded by the Royal Netherlands Government. IIMI is also engaged in a similar activity in collaboration with the Water Resources Research Institute (WRRI) of Pakistan's National Agriculture Research Centre, at two small dams, located near the Fateh Jang town in northern Punjab. This activity is financially supported by the Department for International Development (DfID) of UK. "The case study is also based on a synthesis of policy formulation processes in Pakistan initiated by the efforts of the World Bank and other donors. These efforts are meant to make the country's present institutional framework more responsive towards users' involvement in natural resources management. Attempts at establishing an enabling policy and institutional environment for participatory water resources management are discussed and the existing issues and constraints related to change are briefly analyzed."
Crop-Based Irrigation in Pakistan: Initial Efforts in the North West Frontier Province
(1992) Bandaragoda, D. J.; Garces-Restrepo, Carlos
"There is a general appreciation that a shift from the traditional system of supply-oriented irrigation operations to one that is based on realistic cropwater requirements is among the most challenging issues confronting the irrigation sector of Pakistan. The issue is compounded by the peculiar complexity and size of Pakistan's canal irrigation system, and the dominant social and institutional influences associated with its operation."
Design and Practice of Water Allocation Rules: Lessons from in Pakistan's Punjab Warabandi
(1998) Bandaragoda, D. J.
"Focuses on the existing gap between the traditional design concepts of warabandi - in irrigation water allocation method practiced in Pakistan and Northern India - and its actual practice. Within this focus it also outlines some institutional implications of the present practice of warabandi and identifies further research and policy needs."
Developing Effective Institutions for Water Resources Management: A Case Study in the Deduru Oya Basin, Sri Lanka
(2003) Somaratne, P. G.; Jinapala, K.; Perera, L. R.; Ariyaratne, B. Ranjith; Bandaragoda, D. J.; Makin, Ian
"The overall objective of the case study conducted in Sri Lanka was to help the government of Sri Lanka to improve the institutions managing scarce water resources within the frame work of integrated water resources management. This case study included a comprehensive assessment of the existing physical, socio-economic and institutional environment in the river basin and also the long term changes that are likely to take place."
A Framework for Institutional Analysis for Water Resources Management in a River Basin Context
(2000) Bandaragoda, D. J.
"Presents a framework for institutional analysis, focusing on the three main pillars of institutions - laws, policies and administration. The report provides a brief set of guidelines, supported by an outline of some issues, constraints and prospects for institutional change."
'Institutional Adaptation' for Integrated Water Resources Management: An Effective Strategy for Managing Asian River Basins
(2006) Bandaragoda, D. J.
"In many developing countries, their governments dominate the field of water resources management. Even in 'participatory irrigation management' efforts, the governments play a dominant role. As these efforts are rarely based on any internally generated demand from the water users, they usually fail to create viable organizations at the local level. A similar setback can be seen in the more recent institutional reforms in Asia's water sector, which are promoted by the donor agencies and, national and international development professionals. A survey of experiences in Asian countries shows that no country has successfully completed establishing new water sector policies and laws and river basin organizations, as prescribed."
Institutional Change and Shared Management of Water Resources in Large Canal Systems: Results of an Action Research Program in Pakistan
(2000) Bandaragoda, D. J.
"Demonstrates the viability of farmers organizations for managing parts of the water resource system to achieve efficient and equitable use of water in a hierarchical society such as Pakistan. Suggests a successful conceptual and methodological framework for taking a bottom-up approach to the formation of water users associations and identifies possible constraints on its wider application."
Institutional Perspectives of Land Reclamation Operations in Punjab: A Case Study of the Lower Chenab Canal (East) Circle Area
(1994) ur Rehman, Saeed; Bandaragoda, D. J.
"The Directorate of Land Reclamation (DLR), which was set up in 1945, is a special unit of Punjab's Irrigation and Power Department for undertaking research and field operations to combat the problem of salinity. Approaching the end of five decades of existence, the Directorate is yet to demonstrate its effectiveness in its assigned task; its inability to fully cope with the conditions of a fast changing irrigation environment makes this rather an illusive goal. In the selection of lands for reclamation, the Directorate is heavily dependent on the visual salinity survey (Thur Girdawarr) carried out every year by the Irrigation Department's field staff. This visual survey appears to be a quick and cost-effective method of assessing surface salinity, but its exclusive use as the criterion for selection of affected land is a questionable approach. According to original departmental procedure, reclamation activities were confined to only two of the five classes of soil identified by the visual salinity survey, but the current practice of including all the types of salt-affected soils in reclamation operations has made the selection process more subjective. Surprisingly, the DLR is not using its existing laboratory facilities optimally to better identify the salt-affected lands. Soil testing in visually identified lands could also help define the reclamation operations more scientifically in addition to improving the selection methods being used. While formal procedure requires the Directorate to communicate to farmers the details of planned reclamation schemes, farmer awareness of the reclamation program seems to be poor and only a few farmers in the study area readily acknowledge agency assistance in obtaining relevant information. In practice, the proposals for reclamation schemes are often initiated by some influential farmers. It is a requirement that the amount of water made available for reclamation be over and above the design supply of a given distributary, and special reclamation outlets can be given from a distributary only on the basis that its tail will not suffer. However, the study shows no evidence to show that extra water was made available during the operation of reclamation outlets; further, tail-end shortages were observed in all the distributaries under the study. In a context where the tendency is to give scant consideration to irrigation rules and procedures, it is unlikely that the Directorate of Land Reclamation in its present form and status will succeed in implementing an extensive program of reclamation operations. For the Directorate be effective in its legitimate functions and to make it an operationally viable and socially acceptable organizational unit, adequate policy and institutional support seem to be necessary."
Multi-Level Participatory Consultive Approach for Institutional Change in River Basins: Lessons from the Deduru Oya Case Study
(2003) Jinapala, K.; Somaratne, P. G.; Perera, L. R.; Makin, Ian; Bandaragoda, D. J.
"This paper discusses methodologies applied in the Deduru Oya river basin, the basin selected from Sri Lanka for the regional study on the development of effective water management institutions. The study was funded by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) to assist the five countries, Indonesia, the Philippines, Nepal, China and Sri Lanka to work out methodologies and develop effective water management institutions (ADB-RETA 5812). The Deduru Oya basin in which the empirical studies were carried out is located in the northwestern province of Sri Lanka."
Need for Institutional Impact Assessment in Planning Irrigation System Modernization
(1998) Bandaragoda, D. J.
"Presents a case study of the institutional implications of remodeling an old irrigation system in northern Pakistan. Highlights the importance for donors and project planners to consider institutional issues such as water allocation rules, operation procedures, and organizational capacity for post-construction system management along with changes to the physical infrastructure."
Stakeholder Participation in Developing Institutions for Integrated Water Resources Management: Lessons from Asia
(2005) Bandaragoda, D. J.
"This paper is based on a recently conducted study of five river basins in Asia. In all of the basins studied, the water sector was confronting the challenge of a complex management situation, which characterized a growing competition among various water user groups, and consequently, an increasing number of linkages between water and other resources."
Status of Institutional Reforms for Integrated Water Resources Management in Asia: Indications from Policy Reviews in Five Countries
(2006) Bandaragoda, D. J.
"This paper is based on a study of Asia's water sector institutions. The main objective of this regional study was the development of a set of action plans for effective water management institutions in a number of selected Asian countries. The study concluded that there was no single best institutional model to satisfy all situations. Institutional requirements for water management vary depending on a number of environmental conditions, which are mainly determined by the stage of development of the country's water sector. Institutions evolve depending on the water-related issues that the sector faces, as the water resources are gradually developed and utilized. Thus, effective water sector institutions are basically demand driven."