Browsing by Author "Cruz, Rex Victor O."

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Market-Based Instruments for Water Resource Conservation in Mt. Makiling, Philippines: A Case Study
(2000) Cruz, Rex Victor O.; Bugayong, L.A.; Dolom, P. C.; Espiritu, N. O.
"The Makiling Forest Reserve (MFR) is an experimental and educational forest reservation about 65 km south of Manila. The development of economic instruments for more reasonable water pricing was initiated primarily to promote conservation of the water and other resources from MFR. Specifically, the project was designed to increase efficiency in MFR resource utilization by elevating the level of awareness and sense of responsibility of the water users to protect the resources of the watershed from where their water comes from. The study was also designed to develop sustainable sources of funds for the development and protection of MFR watersheds. The economic instrument was initially based on the willingness of users to pay using the contingent valuation technique. "An additional amount that the users are willing to pay on top of the current fees they are charged for using water was generated through the analysis of the preliminary information collected in the study. About 67% of the domestice water use5rs agreed to pay an additional amount ranging from $0.03 to $0.04 per cubic meter of water they use. Assuming that a minimum of $0.02 is added to the current charges per cubic meter of domestic water consumed, sufficient money can be generated and used to implement various management activities to protect the watersheds within the MFR. Modes of payment, fund management and other aspects of implementation are also discussed in this paper."
Tenure Reform and Its Impacts in the Philippine Forest Lands
(2008) Pulhin, Juan M.; Dizon, Josefina T.; Cruz, Rex Victor O.
"This paper examines the tenure reform in the Philippine forestlands through a historical analysis of forest policy development from the colonial period to the present with emphasis over the last three decades. It also analyzes the impacts of tenure reform and the associated policy and related changes in terms of the LIFE indicator (livelihood, income, forest condition and equity) based on review of published and grey literature, results from case studies, and the outputs of multi-sectoral assessments on CBFM. "Despite seemingly radical efforts to restructure forest management, our initial analysis of the impacts of tenure reform in forest lands in terms of the LIFE indicator shows that the anticipated positive impacts are yet to be fully realized on the ground. The issuance of the different tenure instruments have benefitted the government more by effectively recruiting local communities to take on forest management and protection responsibilities - tasks which the government were expected to perform before the tenure reform took place. However, livelihood and income of forest communities have not significantly improved in most cases. The combined effects of unstable policies and overly bureaucratic procedures and requirements, none recognition of communities' use rights over forest resources, and inadequate government assistance prohibit genuine tenure reform from taking root. These factors thwart the accrual of benefits to the upland poor and may impede the promotion of sustainable forest management in CBFMA areas."
Watershed Approach to the Management of Common Property: The Makiling Forest Reserve Experience
(1992) Cruz, Rex Victor O.
"This paper presents a case study on and some arguments for the applications of the watershed as a unit of forest management (i.e., for problem identification and analysis) in the Philippines. The study was conducted by an interdisciplinary team of scientists from the University of the Philippines at Los Bafios (UPLB) under the joint leadership of the College of Forestry and the ERMP-lnstitute of Environmental Science and Management."