Browsing by Author "Gatzweiler, Franz"

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Complex Systems, Climate Change, Urban Health and the Human Scale: An Evolutionary Complex Systems Perspective on Urban Health
(2019) Gatzweiler, Franz; Liu, Jieling; Kumar, Manasi
"Deliberations about how to govern complex problems of climate change, urban health and wellbeing, sustainably and yet in accordance with human needs, have often been implicitly biased by well-intended ideas such as being ‘human-scale’ or ‘people-centred’. With increasing urban populations and increasing urban systems interconnectivity, cities as we knew them transform into city regions or clusters and the externalized costs of such growth are increasingly shared with people who become marginalized and detached. We present ‘human-scale’ and ‘people-oriented’ ideas of urban development from an evolutionary systems perspective, as expressions of two types of socio-political organisation with different degrees of self-organisation. We refer to multi-level selection theory to explain the maladies of current urban developments, their negative impacts on people’s health, the environment and the reasons for denial or not being able or willing to act in response to the available knowledge about urban and planetary health problems. Finally, we make recommendations for governance to address the systemic problems of urban health."
Social Capital, Institutional Building and Environmental Governance in CEE Transition Countries
(2002) Gatzweiler, Franz
"Transition in several aspects effected social capital in Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs) and vice versa. This led to an institutional polarisation between the national level, where strong efforts have been made to meet the requirements for EU accession and at the local level, which among others are needed to guarantee sustainable resource management. As change provokes learning, this paper aims at explaining the role and importance of social learning and building of social capital for the evolution of institutions of sustainability during the transition process in Central and Eastern (CEE) European countries and patterns of human and social capital formation are described in several countries. Building formal institutions, introducing new legislations and restructuring administrations will remain ineffective if the social foundations of an economy are neglected. This paper will provide particular evidence for the hypothesis that social learning has lagged behind the rapid political and economic changes during transition and pre-accession and that this situation together with the continuity of pre-accession decision makers has led to institutional void, hindering the implementation of policies and the building of institutions of agri-environmental sustainability. The result is a missing or underdeveloped intermediate political and institutional dimension between highlevel policy making and local institutions. New institutional frameworks at the global, international and national levels are built faster than those at the local level are able to change. This leads to a void where economic activities take place and surrogate institutional structures (such as the mafia) dominate without the institutions of trust. The rate of change at higher levels of society during transition tends to outgrow the capacity to learn, especially in respect to the successful management of agri-environmental resources."