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Browsing by Author "Gregersen, Hans M."

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    Working Paper
    Agroforestry Policies Contribute to Sustainable Land Use
    (1995) Brooks, Kenneth N.; Gregersen, Hans M.; Ffolliott, Peter F.
    "Agroforestry includes all practices that deliberately combine trees and shrubs with agricultural crops and/or livestock over time or space. Most countries have practiced agroforestry for centuries. In many parts of the developing world, it is an important form of land use and a major contributor to land use sustainability. "Yet, because agroforestry is land use between forestry and agriculture, policymakers do not give it the attention it deserves. Here we focus on how agroforestry adds to the sustainable use of many land areas, particularly monocropping of marginal soils and hilly areas. We suggest that policy can encourage agroforestry to improve existing unsustainable land use practices. Readers interested in more information should check other sources. "We want to make three initial points concerning sustainability: 1. We define sustainable land use as that which produces goods and services while continuing to protect the natural resource base. 2. The goal is to maintain sustainable production of goods and services, not to continue given land-use practices. 3. Since we cannot know whether a land use is sustainable far into the future, the best method is to avoid uses that are clearly unsustainable. For example, land use that promotes excessive soil erosion is obviously not sustainable."
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    Working Paper
    Expanding the Impacts of Social Forestry Programs in Developing Countries
    (1995) Josiah, Scott J.; Gregersen, Hans M.
    "Most rural people in developing countries rely on trees for fuel, building materials, food, fodder, and medicines for their own use and for sale. Traditional systems to manage forest resources can be effective. However, increasing populations, growing external demand for wood, and changing land tenure systems can severely inhibit these traditional management systems. As a result, many millions of people face a declining forest resource base, a critical scarcity of forest products, and intensified rural poverty. To reverse these trends, rural dwellers need better ways to manage existing tree resources and to create new sources of forest products. Social forestry programs significantly contribute to helping rural people meet these needs. Some programs have been particularly effective. They have helped people improve the availability, quality, and use of resources. Unfortunately, these successful efforts normally reach only a small portion of those in need. In this policy brief, we examine the issues and look at policies affecting the expansion of social forestry program impacts. We also discuss how to assess expansion strategies."
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    Working Paper
    Policy Lessons from Natural Resources Projects in Haiti: A Framework for Reform
    (1994) White, T. Anderson; Gregersen, Hans M.
    "Haiti is currently undergoing its largest economic crisis and political opportunity of this century. We present this brief, and the accompanying working paper, in the hope that policymakers will be able to make the reforms necessary for Haiti's development. We hope this brief can help point the way for discussions about that reform. "Rural poverty exists and has increased because of longstanding political, economic, and cultural divisions. The divisions occur among the poor rural majority, the small middle class, and the merchant and military elite. "Taxes on rural production, coupled with a lack of government investments in public services and rural areas, reinforce the divisions. Indirectly, they lead to deforestation, land degradation, and poverty. "More direct causes of poverty and degradation are the pervasive insecurity facing Haiti's people and deficit in production resources (land and capital). Another cause is the limited opportunity for expansion of off-farm employment that would reduce pressure on the land. "Because they were seen as a political threat, past governments repressed local organizations that form the basis for democratic development. Reversing the trend of land degradation and poverty in Haiti will be a slow and difficult process. It will require substantial policy reform, administrative reorganization, and more effective use of donor funds."
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