Browsing by Author "Habib, Zaigham"

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Basin-Level Use and Productivity of Water: Examples from South Asia
(2001) Molden, David; Sakthivadivel, R.; Habib, Zaigham
"Increasing water scarcity poses a threat to food security and safe domestic water supplies. Irrigated agriculture is a major driver in leading to water scarcity because of its high consumption of water resources. Obtaining more benefits from each drop of water consumed, especially from each drop irrigated agriculture consumes, will be key to mitigating problems of scarcity. The means of improving productivity of water are not always immediately apparent due to the complex nature of water diversions and return flows within basins. The purpose of this report is to discuss and illustrate concepts for identifying ways of improving productivity of water within basins. We applied a water accounting procedure to four subbasins in South Asia where there are perceived problems of water scarcity: Bhakra in India, Chishtian in Pakistan, Huruluwewa in northern Sri Lanka and Kirindi Oya in southern Sri Lanka. The accounting procedure identifies the quantities and productivity of various uses of water within a basin. This information is used to identify the water-saving potential, and the means of improving the productivity of the managed supplies. At Bhakra and Chishtian, there is little remaining prospect for water savings, while at Huruluwewa and Kirindi Oya, there is considerable opportunity for water savings and increasing beneficial use. At Chishtian, almost all water is consumed by beneficial uses, but considerable scope remains for improving the productivity of water. In all four of the cases we analyzed, productivity of water that is presently being depleted by agriculture can be improved. The four subbasins are representative of situations that we believe are typical of many other basins worldwide. With the methodology used, we were able to shed light on opportunities to increase water productivity. It appears that the methodology is thorough and robust, and can be applied to other basins."
Land and Water Productivity: Trends Across Punjab Canal Commands
(2001) Tahir, Zubair; Habib, Zaigham
"The research activity aims to see the spatial variation in production across canal commands using gross production indicators i.e. Gross Value of Production (GVP) per unit of land and GVP per unit of water. Given the data constraints, Punjab province, Pakistan is selected for the analysis, which consists of major network of 12, inter-linked and a total of 23 canals out of 45 canals of IBIS. The analysis is performed at the canal command level."
Spatial Distribution of Reference and Potential Evapotranspiration Across the Indus Basin Irrigation Systems
(2001) Ullah, M. Kaleem; Habib, Zaigham; Saim, Muhammad
"Spatial and temporal estimation of potential water requirements for agriculture will permit the assessment of expected level of water stress and help in improved planning and allocation of water resources and sustainable groundwater management. This study assesses potential crop consumptive use at the main-canal level by improving the estimation of reference evapotranspiration and crop coefficients, using the latest and most comprehensive set of data available in the Indus Basin. The water needs of major crops and the actual irrigated areas of each canal command in the basin are also estimated to make the results of this study readily useable for further research and planning."