Browsing by Author "Katon, Brenda M."

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Collective Action, Property Rights, and Devolution of Natural Resource Management
(2001) Katon, Brenda M.; Knox, Anna; Meinzen-Dick, Ruth
"The past decade has seen a growing recognition of the benefits that can be derived from transferring control over natural resources from central governments to local bodies. There are three reasons for this devolution: 1) recognition of the limited effectiveness of the state in managing natural resources, especially at the local level. 2) few developing countries have the resources to monitor large areas of forests, fisheries, rangelands or irigation schemes, resulting in the poor management of these resources 3) devolution of resource management opens the door for more democratic processes to emerge by shifting greater authority and decision-making to rural people. "For devolution to work effectively, users must engage in collective action. This paper explores this linkage."
Fisheries Co-Management: Key Conditions and Principles Drawn from Asian Experiences
(1998) Pomeroy, Robert S.; Katon, Brenda M.; Harkes, Ingvild
"The purpose of this paper is to present results of the research; specifically, key principles and conditions, which facilitate the successful implementation of co- management as identified through the project's research activities in Asia. These research results represent just one set of results from the various activities of the project. The paper will begin with a discussion of the strategy and data sources used in the research. As a foundation for the research, the project utilized key conditions for successful common pool resources institutions as identified by Ostrom (1990, 1992). These will be revisited in the second section and assessed in light of their applicability for fisheries co-management in Asia. New conditions and principles identified through the research will be discussed in section three. The paper will conclude with policy implications for fisheries co-management in Asia and worldwide."
La Acción Colectiva, los Derechos de Propiedad y la Delegación del Manejo de los Recursos Naturales
(2001) Katon, Brenda M.; Knox, Anna; Meinzen-Dick, Ruth
From page 1: ?¿Qué tienen en común los pescadores de las Filipinas con los agricultores de las zonas irrigadas del sur de la India, los grupos de usuarios de los bosques en Nepal y los pastores en Marruecos? Todos ellos son parte de los esfuerzos por mejorar el manejo de los recursos naturales apoyando la participación de los usuarios locales de los recursos (véase el recuadro). ?En el decenio pasado ha crecido el reconocimiento de los beneficios que se pueden obtener con la transferencia del control sobre los recursos naturales desde los gobiernos centrales a organismos locales. En el plano internacional, se observa esta tendencia en acuerdos como la Convención para Combatir la desertificación y la Convención sobre la Diversidad Biológica, en las cuales los signatarios se comprometen a aplicar los principios de descentralización, subsidiariedad y participación local. A nivel nacional, muchos países de África, las Américas, Asia y Europa Oriental han delegado las responsabilidades del manejo de tierras de pastoreo, bosques, pesquerías y el riego a autoridades gubernamentales locales, usuarios de los recursos o ambos grupos.?
The Marine Conservation Project for San Salvador: A Case Study of Fisheries Co-Management in the Philippines
(1997) Katon, Brenda M.; Pomeroy, Robert S.; Salamanca, Albert M.
"San Salvador, an island village of Masinloc municipality in Zambales, Philippines, has been inhabited by approximately three generations of residents. The initial migrants, who were largely farmers from the mainland of Zambales province, did not have a clear tradition of fisheries management and an indigenous expertise on fish stock management. Until the late 1960s, San Salvador residents recalled an abundance of coastal resources and a lack of resource use conflicts, which enabled fishers to enjoy an open and unrestricted access to the fishery. The scenario began to change in the 1970s due to three events: 1) influx of Visayan migrants from the Central Philippines, who belonged to a different ethnolinguistic group with different fishing practices; 2) integration of the village economy into the international market for aquarium fish; and, 3) shift to destructive fishing operations. Together, these event s progressively devastated San Salvador's fishing grounds. They also gave rise to conflicts over fishing gear and over productive fishing spots. "In the late 1980s, the effects of fishery depletion and unabated destruction of coral reefs began to be felt. Open access to the resource, coupled with the rapid decline in fish stocks over the past decades, subjected the San Salvador fishery to further stress. The average fish catch per unit effort reportedly dwindled from 20 kilos per fishing trip in the 1960s to only about 1-3 kilos in 1988, just before the start of the Marine Conservation Project for San Salvador (MCPSS). Many reef fishes, such as groupers, snappers and damselfish, were depleted. A survey of the coral reef substrate in 1988 showed an average of 23 percent live coral cover for the whole island of San Salvador. The worsening resource situation was closely linked to unsound fishing practices, ignorance of fisherfolk on fish stock management, and the existence of unscrupulous leaders from the village, who sometimes supported destructive fishing methods for their own gain. The financial and regulatory limitations of the centralized Philippine government increasingly became apparent. Local fishers, however, felt helpless about the situation and were too fragmented to embark on any collective action to halt resource degradation. The Marine Conservation Project for San Salvador, which was implemented from 1989 to 1993 by a non-government organization, known as the Haribon Foundation, highlights how the fisher community and the local government jointly regenerated fishery resources through coral reef management The redefinition of property rights and rules in 1989, along with vigorous law enforcement activities, complemented resource management efforts. The San Salvador experience attests to how a community can rise above the obstacles associated with de facto open access nature of fisheries. It offers hope to many small island communities in a similar situation with an unwavering resolve to avert resource deterioration."
Measuring Co-Management
(1998) Ring, Marshall William; Pomeroy, Robert S.; Katon, Brenda M.; Garces, Len
"Co-management is an evolving method of managing natural resources that involves the sharing of management responsibility and/or authority of a resource between the government as owners of the resource, and the local community as users of the resource. Co-management arrangements blend together two 'pure' management alternatives of state-level management and 'local-level management'. There is no one set form of co-management. Rather, co-management occurs across a broad spectrum of possibilities of power sharing depending on country and site-specific conditions. The following paper presents an approach used to measure a coastal co-management project in the Philippines. Although much literature exists on the theoretical components and benefits of co-management, comparatively few co-management agreements have been documented to determine if co-management works effectively, and the effects co-management has on the resource and resource users. To further understand the results of co-management applications, studying effective and operating co-management arrangements will be invaluable."