Browsing by Author "Manzungu, Emmanuel"

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Continuing Discontinuities: Local and State Perspectives on Cattle Production and Water Management in Botswana
(2009) Manzungu, Emmanuel; Mpho, Tiego; Mpale-Mudanga, Africa
"From 1885 when the modern state of Botswana was founded until the discovery of significant mineral deposits in 1967, one year after independence, the livestock industry, particularly cattle production, played a significant role in the country’s economy. Today there are concerns about how the livestock industry, because of its importance to many rural households, and its potential to diversify the mineral‐dominated economy, can be revived. In recognition of the country’s semi‐arid climate, the government has promoted a policy of developing water sources for livestock watering. The state has acknowledged the policy has largely been ineffective, but continues to implement it. This paper attempts to explain this paradox by examining state and local perspectives in the management of water and related resources in the Botswana part of the Limpopo river basin. The discontinuities between the local inhabitants and state practitioners are analyzed within the wider physical social, political, and economic landscape. We ascribe the continued implementation of an ineffective policy to modernisation claims."
Indigenous and Institutional Profile: Limpopo River Basin
(2006) Earle, Anton; Goldin, Jaqui; Machiridza, Rose; Malzbender, Daniel; Manzungu, Emmanuel; Mpho, Tiego
"A major drawback of India's agriculture, watershed development and irrigation strategy has been the neglect of relatively wetter catchment areas and the tribal people living therein. Investing in small-scale interventions for improved water control can produce a dramatic impact on the productivity and dependability of tribal livelihood systems."
Roman Water Law in Rural Africa: Dispossession, Discrimination and Weakening State Regulation?
(2011) Van Koppen, Barbara; Van Der Zaag, Pieter; Manzungu, Emmanuel; Tapela, Barbara; Mapedza, Everisto
"The recent water law reforms in Africa, Latin America and elsewhere strengthen permit systems. This water rights regime is rooted in Roman water law. The European colonial powers introduced this law in their colonies, especially in Latin America and later also in Sub-Saharan Africa. By declaring most waters as being public waters, they vested ownership of water resources in their overseas kings. This dispossessed indigenous peoples from their prior claims to water, while the new formal water rights (or permits) were reserved for colonial allies. At independence, ownership of water resources shifted to the new governments but the nature of the water laws, including the formal cancellation of indigenous water rights regimes as one of the plural water rights regimes, remained uncontested. This colonial legacy remained equally hidden in the recent reforms strengthening permit system. Based on research on the new permit systems in a context of legal pluralism in Tanzania, Mexico, South Africa, Ghana, Mozambique and elsewhere, this paper addresses two dilemmas. The first is: how can the dispossession and discrimination be reverted by recognizing and even encouraging informal water self-supply since time immemorial to meet basic livelihood needs by millions of small-scale water users? The second dilemma, which prevails in Sub- Saharan Africa, but less in Latin America, is: can permit systems become effective regulatory tools to combat water over-use and pollution, collect revenue, and, where historical justice warrants, to re-allocate water from the haves to the have-nots, as South Africa’s water law aims? The paper provides evidence and best practices on, first, how the state can recognize legal pluralism and informal water rights regimes, and, second, how state regulation can only become effective through lean and targeted measures, so without nation-wide permits."
Water For All: Improving Water Resource Governance in Southern Africa
(International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), 2004) Manzungu, Emmanuel
"This paper assesses prospects for effective stakeholder participation in water resource management in southern Africa. It uses experiences in countries where the process has somewhat progressed, such as South Africa and Zimbabwe, and to some extent Mozambique, Namibia, Swaziland and Tanzania, to draw some important lessons."