Conference Paper

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Cost of Fuelwood for Fish Smoking around Kanji Lake and Economic Prospects of the Kanji Solar Tent Fish Dryer
(2003) Olokor, J. O.
"Fish is a very nutritious source of protein but it is extremely perishable, hence the need for quick preservation. Many methods are employed in its preservation. Around Kainji Lake, the most popular method is by smoking wth fuel wood Kainji Lake generates over 13,375 metric tonnes of fish annually, which requires smoking This study shows that the demand for fuelwood to process fish is very high. Seventy-six fish processors in four major fishing communities around Kainji Lake were interviewed with questionnaires to determine the amount, cost and species of wood used for fish smoking. Results from the study show that about 396,250kg of wood costing Ni, 325,000 is used to smoke 189,883kg of fish worth N 19, 273,600 annually. The average fish processor consumes 16.45kg of fuel wood per day or 7.5m3 of forest wood compared to 0.46ni3 estimated for developing countries. The enormous cost of wood, its impact on the forest and the intensive labour involved to smoke fish gives the Kanji Solar Tent Dryer a high economic prospect as the technology requires no fuelwood, little labour and causes no damage to the environment, because it uses solar energy. The Kainji Solar Dryer is a simple and cheap technology that produces dried fish that can compliment smoked and the stockfish that requires millions of dollars of foreign exchange earnings to import."
Economic Benefits of Utilizing Small Sized Reservoirs for Capture Fisheries: The Alau Lake Experience
(2004) Bankole, N.O.; Adikwu, A.I.; Raji, A.; Okaeme, A.N.; Abiodun, J.A.
"The paper discusses possible approaches to employ in harnessing fish resources in a small sized reservoir. It reveals how capture, extensive and integrated culture fisheries could be beneficially employed to derive maximum gains from the reservoir without jeopardizing its fisheries potentials especially in terms of conservation. "A financial outlay / cost benefit analysis for engaging in combined economic activities of artisanal capture fisheries, fish culture using cages, extensive pen culture and integrated culture practices are given over a period of three years. "This is meant to sensitize / serve as an eye opener for potential fishers as well as intending culturists that the approaches discussed could offer a very good and attractive employment opportunity in fisheries, particularly in these days that Goverrnnent is trying hard at poverty alleviation, economic empowerment and self-sustenance for the masses."
Economic Prospects of Investment in Fish cum Livestock Farming
(2004) Eyo, A. A.; Ayanda, J. O.; Falayi, B. A.; Adelowo, E. O.
"The paper defines integrated fish farming as a multiple land use approach in fish culture which combines fish farming with other agricultural production. The concept of integration is explained along with its merits. Financial analysis of integrating fish with livestock such as fish cum-poultry (chicken and duck) fish curn pig, fish curn rabbit and fish cum cattle integration are presented. "It was observed that integration of fish with livestock would yield profit for the fish farmer from sales of products such as eggs, meat and fish. The livestock manure is a good source of organic fertilizer for fish fanning and biogas production. With the present high cost ofpelleted fish feeds integrated fish farming will help to reduce cost of fish feeds and at the same time yield high economic returns."
Economics of Commercial Fish Farming in Earthen Ponds in Nigeria: Privatization of Fish Farms
(2004) Okoye, F. C.; Ayanda, J. O.
"The construction and management of a series of ponds for commercial freshwater fish production are discussed in details with the sole aim of making profit. The management is based on polyculture of Tilapia (Oreochrornis niloticus) and catfishes ('Clarias garicpinus 'and 'Heterobranchus spp' and their hybrids). "Based on financial analysis of a five hectare commercial fish farm, a bank loan of NlO,000,000,00 will be needed and within a pay back period of 2.3 years, a good return on investment will be realized. Government Commercial fish farms of this magnitude that are no longer run as a profitable venture are recommended for privatization. This will surely provide more employment, generate income and alleviate poverty, especially among the rural dwellers."
Fish Farming in Lagos State, Nigeria: Prospects and Problems
(2004) Kusemiju, K.; Kusemiju, B. O.
"The performance of the catfish, Ciarias gariepinus (Burchell) cultured in earthen ponds at Alakotomeji, Lagos State is discussed with particular reference to growth, fingerling sizes for stocking, feeds and mortality records. Catfish of between 1.0 kg to 1.5 kg were obtained in a six-month growth period. Major problem facing the farm was poaching which completely reduced the yield. Except a solution is found to the poaching problem, the future of aquaculture in Nigeria is very bleak."
Fish Pond Management Techniques for Aquaculturalists and Schools
(2004) Anyanwu, D. C.
"For an insight into fish pond Management techniques, this research was focused to review and synthesize pond Management practices in the areas of water quality, fertilization, stocking, feeds and feeding, stock manipulation, diseases, weeds and predators control of major fresh water and brackish water species of fish such as Carp, Tilapia etc. Pond water quality such as temperature, dissolved oxygen, P.11., carbon-dioxide. etc. were elicited as most important in pond management practices since the lives of all aquatic organisms including fish is most dependent on the limnological parameters. Water analysis kit among others were considered very useful for field arid experimental uses. Aeration, Liming, Draining and Refilling of Ponds, etc. were considered most necessary for good water quality. The addition of either organic or inorganic fertilizers to fish ponds result into increased productivity above that possible under natural pond conditions. The stocking rate and stocking density are all dependent on size of fish, feeding regime among others. Supplemental feeding however was noted to bring about greater fish yield in ponds than if the fish were left to feed oniy on the natural foods. Various methods however, were synthesized for use in stock manipulation as found in hybridization, sex reversal, biological stock manipulation among others. The use of chemicals and mechanical methods were found most useful for diseases, weeds and predators control."
Integrated Chicken Cum Fish Farming for Sustainable Rural and Urban Communities in Nigeria (FISON)
(2004) Falayi, B. A.; Adelowo, E. O.; Sogbesan, E. O.
"A nimal manure contains considerable quantities of nutrients for fish production among which are non-digested feed, metabolic excretory products and residues resulting from microbial synthesis. Other benefits of integration of chicken with fish are efficient resources utilization and conservation of environment due to waste management. This paper enumerates a layer chicken cum fish integrated strategies and projects a model I hectare pond with layers. The economic benefits were extrapolated in a cash flow projection on five years duration."
Integrated Fish Farming Practices with Special Reference to Combination Rates, Production Figures and Economic Evaluation
(2003) Nnaji, C. J.; Okoye, F. C.; Ogunseye, J. O.
"The study reviewed the various integrated fish farming practices that exist all over the world and groups them under four distinct systems. The combination rates of the items in such systems and the quantities of each item produced are also presented depending on availability of such information. Cost benefit analyses of some systems are done to determine profitability. Special attention is given to integrated fish farming experiments done in Nigeria."
Integrated Fish Farming: A Veritable Tool for Poverty Alleviation/Hunger Eradication in the Niger Delta Region
(2004) Ayinla, O. A.
"Integrated fish farming is a system that focuses diversified agricultural production with emphasis on fish. It has a capacity of bridging the wide gap between fish demand and supply. The fish integrated culture is discussed emphasizing it s importance and relevance to poverty alleviation/hunger eradication. It s potential is yet to be fully exploited in concrete terms of increased fish production from aquaculture."
Integrated Rice-Fish Farming in Nigeria: Its' Feasibility and Economic Viability
(2004) Okoye, F. C.
"Rice-Fish culture is an accepted farming system in Asia especially in Bangladesh, China, Philippines, Vietnam etc. Its practice in the West African region has assumed international recognition with the Regional Association for irrigation and Drainage, the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture and West African Rice Development Association and its two regional research consortia, the Inland Valley Consortium and the Regional Rice Research Network championing the campaign for the establishment of integrated irrigation aquacuiture (hA) in all the countries in West African Sub-region. A look at the irrigation system in Nigeria as shown by the activities of Ministry of Water Resources, the floodplains and the Lowland system, one will be fully convinced of the ability of this country to be self-sufficient in both rice and fish production through the adoption of integrated rice-fish culture in these systems."
The Major Significance of Non-forest Timber Products (NTFPs) on Fishing Activities in Ogun State: A Need for Environmental Resources Conservation
(2004) Akinyemi, A. A.; Adekunle, M. F.; Udolisa, R. E. K.
"An ethno botanical survey of some NTFPs crucial to fish production in some rural areas of Ogun state was carried out. This becomes necessary as a result of the present assault on the natural forest which is a repository of these materials. Data were collected through the administration of pretested and structured questionnaires made up of open and close ended questions. They were administered on 500 artisanal fishermen purposively selected among a list of registered artisanal fishermen in Ogun state. "The result showed that 13 species in 8 families were being exploited for different purposes in fish production including obnoxious use which should be discouraged. For instance in canoe building species such as (Orindudu- Anogssius leocarpus, Orno Cola giganlicea and Iroko- Milicia excelia) were recorded used by the respondents some fishes exploited include Mudfish (Abori)- Clarias sp, Heterobranchus sp, Tilapia (Epiya)- Tilapia sp, and Osan- Gyinnarchus niloticus. Prominent among the species life forms were climber (7.69%), herbs (30.77%) and trees (61.54%). The environmental implication is that should these species become extinct the resources base of the dependent fishermen could be jeopardized Recommendation were made on some of the strategies to be used to abate the onslaught on the natural forest resources."
Management Options for Optimizing the Potentials of Oguta Indoor Fish Hatchery and Abukwa Umuobom Fish Hatchery: Collaboration or Privatisation
(2003) Igwe, H. O.; Orji, Raphael C. A.
"The Oguta Indoor Fish Hatchery was established in 1974 by the fornier East Central State of Nigeria Government. The fish hatchery was established to produce fish fingerlings for sale to fish farmers and for stocking the Oguta Lake. Owing to financial constraints the hatchery could not take off till 1985, when the former Kainji Lake Research Institute now National Institute for Freshwater Fisheries Research (NIFFR) New Bussa, entered into a collaborative arrangement with the Imo State Government. The collaborative arrangement lasted for 9 years. During the period, fish fingerlings were produced and sold to fish farmers in Imo State and neighbouring States."
Methodology for the Economics of Ash Culture in Nigeria: Case Study of Two Ash Farms in Lagos State
(2004) Ogunbadejo, H. K.; Jim-Saiki, L. O.; Adeogun, A. O.
"This paper deals with cost structure and financial analysis of Ameso and Kaboom fish farm projects in Lagos State. During the period under study, year 2000, Ameso fish farm's return on total asset was 86.1% while total asset turn over was 1.6. For Kaboorn fish farm, return on total asset was 50.9% whereas total asset turn over was 1.1. Profit (after tax at 35%) of N192, 523.87 and N293, 738.09 were realized by the fish farms respectively. The percentage of net profit to gross revenue was 35.7% and 27.7%, while the ratio of net profit to variable cost were 1.9:1 and 1.5:1 forAmeso and Kaboom fish farms respectively."
The Privatisation of Government Fish Hatcheries: A Positive Step Towards Self-sufficiency in Fish Fingerling Production in Nigeria
(2003) Madu, C. T.
"There are over 200 fish hatcheries in Nigeria with at least two hatcheries in each state of the federation but unfortunately over 50 per cent of these hatcheries are either non-functional or function far below their optimum production capacities. About 85 per cent of the non-functional hatcheries belong to the government (either Federal, State, Local Government or Institutions). The major problems associated with the non-functional hatcheries include poor management due to low attitude and lack of commitment to government work, inadequate funding, inadequate infrastructure, poor maintenance of hatchery facilities, high cost of feed inputs, problems of differential growth and cannibalism in catfishes which result in poor fingerling harvests."
Privatization of Fish Farms: A Case Study of Abia State
(2004) Orji, Raphael C. A.; Obiakor, Loveth O.
"A study was conducted in Abia State in 2002 to determine the status of fish farming in the state. The study was carried out with the use of questionaire distributed randomly as well as interviews with fish farmers. The study recorded a total number of ninety-one (91) fish farms. Out of this number, nineteen fish farms were Government assisted and are no more functional The remaining seventy-two were owned privately both individually and cooperatively six were non functional. Forty ponds were earthen while nineteen were concrete The sources of water include tap water, bore hole, streams, lakes and rain water. Sixteen of the fish farmers were full-time farmers while forty-three were part-time The fish species cultured include Tilapia, Clarias, hybrids of Heterobranchus and clarias, heterobranchus and heterotis. The result showed that major constraints include lack of capital, skilled personnel, predators, scarcity of fingerlings and Jack of inputs. Furthermore, the failure of government assisted fish farms, like other government establishmeuts-NEPA, NNPC, NITEL etc is a clear signal that activities that can best be done by the private sector be disengaged from Government."
Socio-economic Appraisal of Cage Fish Culture in Oguta Lake, Nigeria
(2004) Okorie, Peter U.
"Oguta lake is one of the largest natural lakes in south-eastern Nigeria. Traditionally, its fisheries support a large number of fill-time and part-time fishermen with their families. However, in recent years, like most other capture fisheries in Nigeria, fish yields have either been declining or stagnating. Fish stocks in the lake have for long been subjected to over-fishing and use of wrong fishing methods.. The paper proposes large-scale introduction of cage fish culture in the lake as a practical means of reducing fishing pressure on the lake as wellas providing a sustainable means of livelihood for the local population around the lake. Limnological characteristics of lake are described to appraise the feasibility of cage culture in the lake. Recommendations are made on the design, choice of materials, construction and management of cages in the lake. Cost-benefit projections based on prevailing market prices are presented."
Water Recirculatory System Technology as a Major Tool for Increased Fish Production by Private Fish Farmers
(2004) Ezenwa, B.; Anyanwu, P. E.
"In recent times (1994/2001) the country has witnessed an unprecedented interests by entrepreneurs in fish farming. This is largely due to scarcity oftIsh in the local markets in addition to the huge export potentials of our local tin and shellfish species in international markets. The use of high technology in catfish farming is the latest in Aquaculture culture system that has attracted numerous investors due to its tremendous success in areas that initiated the system in recent times. First introduced in Nigeria in 1978/79 by Nigerian Farms Ltd. in Patani. Delta State by German Entrepreneurs and local partner, its success was very limited in terms of fingerling and table sized fish production of Tilapia spp. Catfish and Common Carp due to poor management skill after departure of German Experts. Others followed as from 1996 e.g. Clii thrms Nigeria Limited Lagos, Zartech (Ibadan), Durante (Ibadan), Ocean Fisheries Nigeria Limited etc."

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