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Abstract:
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"Since Independence in 1960, Nigeria has been inundated with series of peace and security
challenges, which have risen to an unprecedented level in the last one decade. Some of the
major causes among several others include tribal and ethnic affinity and allegiances, bad
leadership, prolonged military rule, large scale corruption, institutional failure, poverty, religious
bigotry, inequitable distribution of wealth, deplorable conditions of social and infrastructural
amenities, unemployment and underemployment, unreliable security agents/institutions and
porous border entry points. These have resulted in serious security threats to life and property in
various parts of the country. For example, kidnapping for rituals and ransom is very common in
the Eastern part of the country; armed robbery in southwestern geopolitical zone; and religious
killings in the northern part of the country. The federal, state and local governments as well as
nongovernmental organizations have made several efforts to address the problem with little or
no results. The paper therefore discusses and analyses the various causes; examines case study
episodes; assesses efforts made at addressing the problem and proposes the way forward that
can assist in building and sustaining peace and security in the country."
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