Climate-Smart Livestock Breeding: A Study of Holstein-Friesian Cattle in Canada and Pakistan

Abstract

Climate change poses significant challenges to livestock production worldwide, necessitating the adoption of climate-smart breeding practices to enhance the resilience of livestock populations. This study investigates climate-smart breeding practices in Holstein-Friesian cattle, a widely used breed in dairy production, in both Canada and Pakistan. This research aims to assess the current status of climate-smart breeding initiatives and their effectiveness in improving the resilience of Holstein-Friesian cattle to climate variability in these two contrasting environments. Methodologically, a Qualitative approach is employed, combining quantitative analysis of breeding data with qualitative analysis of articles, books, and lab data. The finding of the study showed that Canada places a strong emphasis on genomic technologies and advanced cross-breeding, producing robust Holsteins with great milk production. The findings of the study showed that the surrounding atmosphere has an immense impact on the productivity of the Holstein Friesian. Pakistan's inadequate infrastructure and resources make it difficult to carry out such efforts. Despite this, indigenous knowledge and customary breeding techniques have the potential to increase climate resistance. Although it depends on animal breeding, Pakistan's agriculture industry faces low productivity because of managerial problems. Cooperation between the two countries could improve knowledge sharing and increase Holstein cattle's ability to withstand climatic change. The study contributes to understanding the climate-smart breeding practice and highlights the significance of collaboration to enhance livestock production.