Beyond Conservation: Embedding Parks in Development

Abstract

"Conservation has come a long way. From the simple 'fence and fine' approach of the Yellowstone model of over a century ago, the present state-of-the-art in conservation is much more complex. Whereas the function of protected areas was previously seen as preserving a piece of pristine wilderness from human influence, they are now a means for people to learn to live within nature. Todays parks are expected to satisfy multiple objectives, including inter alia protecting charismatic species, biodiversity, the livelihoods of local people, the flow of ecosystems services. The art and science of conservation has had to evolve."