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Now showing 1 - 10 of 51
  • Journal Article
    Moose Hunters of the Boreal Forest? A Re-examination of Subsistence Patterns in the Western Subarctic
    (1989) Yesner, David R.
    "Many descriptions of lifestyle in the western subarctic region have been built on the premise that the hunting and use of moose was a central feature of those lifestyles. While this may be true, it is worthwhile to question the time depth that underlies this adaptation and the degree to which it may have applied to former societies inhabiting the boreal forest region. Any such effort must include an analysis of available faunal remains from archaeologic sites in that region. A consideration of the faunal record suggest that the intensive utilization of moose is relatively new in the western boreal forest, or at least was not widely characteristic of the late Holocene period. Thus, it cannot be assumed that the archaeologically designated late prehistoric Athapaskan tradition was isomorphic with modern subsistence regimes. To the degree two which large game played a central role in Athapaskan lifestyle it was caribou, rather than moose, that seems to have dominated in the northern ecotonal region. Fish and small game seem to have dominated in importance in the southern coastal forest region, with a mixed subsistence economy characteristic of the central region. Historical factors, primarily involving widespread fires, habitat disturbance and impacts on predators, seem to be most responsible for the increase in moose numbers during the past century. The role of fire is particularly critical and may have had great influence on the nature and stability of past subsistence regimes in the boreal forest region, including impacts on both large and small game."
  • Journal Article
    Orienting Forestry toward the Needs of People
    (1982) Worou, L.; Nao, Tran Van
    "The village forests programme of a UNDP/FAO project in Benin aims to provide fuelwood, timber and fodder, to increase soil fertility through nitrogen-fixing species and to provide examples of multi-purpose forestry for demonstrations."
  • Journal Article
    Can Farming and Forestry Coexist in the Tropics?
    (1980) Spears, John S.
    "Five World Bank financed projects, from Malaysia, Colombia, Kenya, Indonesia and the Philippines, are examined from the point of view of how they answer human needs for the kind of sustainable forestry and farming that are harmonious with tropical forest ecosystems."
  • Journal Article
    When an African City Runs Out of Fuel
    (1981) Chauvin, Henri
    "Ouagadougou, capital of Upper Volta, has a critical situation. Surrounding tree cover is disappearing. Imported oil is out of the question. Wood and charcoal will have to come from distant places. Ivory Coast forests may provide the answer."
  • Journal Article
    International Forestry Research Networks: Objectives, Problems, and Management
    (1987) Burley, J.
    "The formation of cooperative networks the held of forestry research - particularly those designed to strengthen developing country research programmes - is being discussed and recommended with increasing regularity whenever forest researchers or tropical foresters meet. Such research networks have a long history in agriculture but are relatively recent in forestry. Drawing on information and experience from both areas, this article sets out some guidelines for successful research networks and identities some constraints and possible solutions with particular application to forestry."
  • Journal Article
    Community Forestry: Building Success through People's Participation
    (1985) Rao, Y.S.
    "Forestry management in the past considered only the protective and productive roles of the forest. Now, largely through the birth of the concept of 'community' or 'social' forestry, it is seriously beginning to consider the forest's social role as well. In this article, Y.S. Rao provides a succinct and clear definition of community forestry, outlines what is needed to make it succeed, and discusses the constraints under which it operates at present. Implementing community forestry, he argues, will require nothing less than a radical restructuring of forestry's traditional policies, practices and institutions."
  • Journal Article
    Native Participation in Land Management Planning in Alaska
    (1988) Gallagher, Thomas J.
    "Subsistence fisheries,as distinct from commercial and recreational, exist throughout much of the Canadian North and satisfy local needs for fish protein. These fisheries have been investigated quantitatively only since the 1970s. Many of these studies are in the grey literature; methods of study and reporting are not standardized, and interpretation of data is often problematic. Nevertheless, some generalizations can be offered from a preliminary survey of harvest study data from 93 communities and from 10 regional studies representing Labrador, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, British Columbia and the Northwest Territories. The data indicate a wide range of harvest values, clustering at about 60 kg of whole fish per capita per year. If these data are representative, there is a significant subsistence fishery sector important for the local economies of hundreds of communities. Most of these fisheries are not being reported in fishery statistics, nor are they being monitored and assessed."
  • Journal Article
    Hunter Valley Wetland Birds Raise Conservation Issues
    (1983) Maddock, Max
    "The last few years, particularly 1982-83, have been exciting times for ornithologists in the Newcastle area. Unusual seasonal conditions in the area, coupled with Australia wide drought have resulted in remarkable surges in the population of water birds frequenting the Lower Hunter estuary wetlands and have again caused focus to be turned to controversial issues. Egrets have returned to nest after having ceased breeding in the area in the early 1970’s, this time to establish a rookery close to a built-up area within the city boundary. The first recorded Australian sighting of the Hudsonian godwit, a North American wader, on Kooragang Island, the breeding of black swans in suburban lagoons, a visit to these same lagoons by a jabiru, and the arrival of the rare freckled duck and large flocks of glossy ibis have been just some of the highlights. These occurrences have attracted attention Australia wide. The arrival of the godwit in early 1983 brought more than 100 bird enthusiasts to Newcastle from as far afield as Queensland, Northern Territory and Victoria, as well as other New South Wales centres, hoping to catch a glimpse of the rare visitor amongst the hoses of migratory waders on the mud and sand flats of Kooragang Island. This island, which has been established to carry a population of between 10,000 and 20,000 birds, is well known to Australian naturalists. It has even attracted attention overseas because of the threat of encroaching industrialisation to the wintering habitat of some 190 species, with an article in the New York Times of September 14, 1974, entitled 'Australian Factory Site Would Peril Bird Migration.'"
  • Journal Article
    Running Cattle Under Trees: An Experiment in Agroforestry
    (1984) Pottier, Dirk
    "Under the right conditions, beef and timber can be raised simultaneously on the same parcel of land. A two-year agroforestry experiment conducted in Western Samoa showed promising results but also pointed to some problems that need to be addressed in the future."
  • Journal Article
    Forestry Extention: Community Development in Nepal
    (1984) Pelinck, E.; Manandhar, P.K.; Gecolea, R.H.
    "Community forestry is the development of awareness, knowledge and responsibility for forestry in communities that will benefit from the presence of nearby forests and trees. Such activities as the management of existing forests as a resource, grass-cutting for stall-feeding from plantation areas and the introduction of efficient wood-fuel stoves will produce quick ret suits and therefore encourage an early and sustained interest in community forestry. The present article describes strategies and programmes that, as a whole or in part, could apply to many developing countries. Most of these examples are based on experiences gained in the Government of Nepal's three year old Community Forestry Development Project, which is supported by the World Bank, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and FAO."