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Journal Article Water User Associations and Collective Action in Irrigation and Drainage(2023) Bruns, Bryan"This article discusses what water user associations can do, factors that affect various forms of local collective action in irrigation and drainage, and how water user associations (WUAs) might help respond to local and global challenges and opportunities. Major themes include co-management of irrigation by communities and states, the diversity of water governance institutions, and the resilience of local cooperation in managing water to grow food. The article begins by looking at the long history of cooperation in irrigation, presents institutional design patterns in long-enduring local irrigation communities, points to the prevalence of co-production and co-management by states and communities, examines lessons from efforts to develop WUAs in the late twentieth and early twenty-first century, and highlights current challenges and opportunities for WUAs. The end of the article provides references and recommended readings."Journal Article Impact of Access to Agricultural Credit on the Productivity of Togolese Farmers(2021) Agbeno, Yao"The objective of this paper is to measure the impact of access to agricultural credit on the productivity of farmers in Togo. The results show that there is a difference between farmers who have access to credit and those who do not. Also, farmers with access to credit have higher productivity than those without. Thus, access to credit is an essential factor in increasing agricultural productivity. Togolese decision-makers must, in the development of their agricultural policy, place greater emphasis on mechanisms to promote access to agricultural credit."Journal Article Conservational Strategies: A Study of Red Mulberry (Morus Rubra)(2024) Al-Bazik, AmanetRed mulberry (Morus rubra) cultivation in Canada confronts multifaceted challenges, including habitat loss, climate variability, and intensification of agricultural practices, which collectively jeopardize its population and genetic diversity. This study investigates the conservation strategies employed for the protection and recovery of red mulberry populations across Canada. Through a comprehensive analysis of existing recovery plans, management initiatives, and research efforts, this research aims to assess the effectiveness of current conservation practices and identify areas for improvement. The research adopted qualitative methods i.e. descriptive and analytical methods are used for the synthesis of the literature review. For analysis, the content analysis method is applied. The research highlights the significance of long-term monitoring programs to track population trends, assess the success of conservation interventions, and adapt management strategies accordingly. The research endeavours to promote the sustainable conservation of this ecologically and culturally valuable species, ensuring its persistence for future generations.Journal Article Protection of the Breeders and Farmers Rights-UPOV & PPVFRA(2021) Simran, Bais"The paper encapsulates the position of Farmer’s rights in the legislation concerning Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmer’s Rights Act, 2001. India was confronted with an option to adopt UPOV model or go through its own legislative draft proposal. The model of UPOV was rejected by India due to the fact that rights of the farmers were not protected and instead the entire focus was on breeder’s rights. The paper is a step forward to argue that the rights of the farmers are at different pedestal than the rights of the breeders especially in a country like India. there is a need to understand the history of PPVFRA legislation in terms of what were its loopholes and how it overcame major impediments. It is imperative to understand that the Farmers rights under intellectual property regime should be protected because with respect to plant genetic resources they do not have in depth scientific understanding but they certainly understand the paramount importance of plant genetic resources in agricultural field because its variability is a potential factor and this cannot be ignored. Moreover, from a long period of time the traditional knowledge which the farmer acquires in terms of selection of plant variety, improvising it and sustainable use of the same should be treated at par with intellectual inputs as this is certainly a monumental benefaction from the farming community. The paper discusses the main impediments of the legislation and suggest some measures to improvise the same."Journal Article Urban Agriculture: A Timely Game Changer for Urban Residents in Nigeria(2021) M.C., Onyema; N.C., Osuagwu; A.A., Nwogu; C.C., Nwaigwe"This paper leverages on the yet-unanswered calls of the 1996 World Food Summit as well as the 2nd Sustainable Development Goal of the United Nations both of which support zero hunger and safe, nutritious and sufficient food. Nigeria and Africa on the whole actively engage in agriculture but this is more restricted to the rural area. This piece provides a view of the status of urban agriculture presented in both exploratory and descriptive terms thus contributing to the several academic fields in urban planning and research discourse. The farmers, government and urban managers are among key stakeholders that can step up at both local and regional scales especially in terms of governance, estate planning and urban dynamics. Although with a global outlook and dimension, case study therein presents current practices and quantitative descriptions based on surveys from metropolitan city of Lagos, Nigeria thus providing an argumentative reflection for the promotion of a wide range of urban agriculture practices. This is hoped to nourish the discussion on urban wellbeing and development."Journal Article A Study on Production and Marketing of Pineapple in Kolli Hills, Namakkal District, Tamil Nadu – India(2021) Sivakkolundu, C."India is the second largest producer of fruits (44 million tons) and vegetables (87.5 million tons) with a unique position in fruits like mango, litchi, banana, pineapple, sapota and grapes. India’s share in the world production is about 10.1% in fruits and 14.4% in vegetables. The future of the Indian farmers depends on the success of the agriculture sector as India’s prosperity is predominantly linked to the growth in income in the agrarian sector of the economy. India has been bestowed with wide range of climate and physio geographical conditions and as such is most suitable for growing various kinds of horticultural crops. Pineapple is the most important American fruit, and the third most important tropical fruit, after banana and mango citrus fruits being produced mainly in subtropical areas. It is cultivated in all tropical and subtropical countries. The common name for one member of and for the Bromeliaceae, a family of chiefly epiphytic herbs and small shrubs. The spiny leaves of various species of the genus Ananas yield a hard fiber called gravata in South America and pina, or pineapple cloth, in the Philippines. The fruit, whose spiny skin is yellowish brown when ripe, is sweet and juicy; it is topped by a distinctive rosette of green leaves. It is grown throughout warmer regions. The economics of pineapple production is indispensable since there is no proper farm business data on its cost of production. The accurate figure on establishment cost, operating cost and input requirement of pineapple orchard would be greatly helpful to the pineapple producers in general. This information will be of immense use to farm financing institutions. Area under pineapple is gradually expanding in the study area district. The present study is an attempt to analyze the feasibility of investment in pineapple gardens and to find out the profitability of pineapple crop."Journal Article Sustainable Organic Farming Practices(2021) M., Manida; G., Nedumaran"The aim of the paper is to evaluate the association of organic farming to strengthen the sustainability of organic agriculture. Organic agriculture shows abundant benefits, as it reduces many of the environmental impacts of conventional agriculture, it can increase efficiency in small farmers’ fields, and it reduces reliance on costly external inputs, and guarantees price premiums for organic products. Organic farmers also profit from farmer cooperative and the formation of social networks, which enhances good access to instruction, credit and welfare services. This paper brings out how the function of organic farming contributes for the sustainable practices and improving environment conservation, animal welfare, and product quality."Journal Article Biodiversidad de Semillas Comunes e Inseparables de su Comunalidad(2022) Castro-Colina, Libertad"La diversidad de semillas, su comunalidad (campesinos) y sus prácticas locales (milpa y ejido) son comunes que pueden ser influidos por contextos no locales (ciencia y regulación). A través de un análisis basado en los ocho principios de diseño de instituciones comunes de Elinor Ostrom, este estudio concluyó que la ciencia con perspectivas agroecológicas apoya a la sabiduría milenaria de la milpa, mientras que la ciencia con un enfoque alineado a la Revolución Verde no. Además, la mayor parte de la legislación analizada es considerada como un obstáculo para la estabilidad del común."Journal Article Enhancing Canadian Blackberries Production in New Brunswick through Climate-Smart Agriculture(2024) University, UsmanThis research paper focuses on the integration of digital technologies in Canadian Triple Crown blackberry production in New Brunswick to enhance productivity and adapt traditional farming practices to changing climate conditions. Drawing insights from recent studies such as "Application of digital technologies for ensuring agricultural productivity" and "Research and Innovation in Agriculture NBER," this paper explores the impact of innovation, research, and policies on agricultural advancements locally and globally. The specific innovative aspect highlighted is the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in precision agriculture to optimize crop management and resource allocation. The research methodology includes a systematic literature review of articles focusing on digital technologies in agriculture, with a particular emphasis on AI applications, tailored to the unique climate challenges faced by Canadian berry producers.Journal Article Fluctuations in Agricultural Production: A Comparative Study across Selected Countries(2023) Bhagbat, Mallik; Mohanty, Siba Sankar"Fluctuation in agriculture is a matter of concern in the recent year. The present study analyses the cross-country fluctuations in agricultural production and the factors affecting the fluctuation in agricultural production. The study aims at studying the fluctuations of crop production, fertiliser consumption, arable land, land under cereal production, and agricultural machinery at the global level. The present study used the Cuddy Della Valle Index and a multiple regression model to analyse the fluctuations in agricultural production across countries. The entire study is divided into four sub-periods: 1981–1990, 1991–2000, 2001–2010, and 2011–2020. Several fluctuations in crop production, fertiliser consumption, arable land, land under cereal production, and agricultural machinery were observed in the study over the period. Different levels of instability were observed over the period of time."