Digital Library of the Commons

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The Internationalization of Higher Education in Armenia Nowadays the Analysis of the Existing Problems
(2021) Aperyan, Yevgine
"Internationalization is a rapidly growing trend among the higher education system around the world. Academic and research institutions demonstrate a growing interest in the processes of internationalization of higher education, at the international, regional, national, and institutional levels. Internationalization and global engagement are becoming key trends in the development of national systems of education in Armenia and abroad. Numerous researchers have highlighted the problematics of internationalization of higher education associated with the cultural impact of university education, a synergy of humanitarian and natural sciences, intercultural communication, digital and blended learning, international credit and degree mobility, the introduction of international standards for measuring the quality of education defined by the Bologna Declaration. Although internationalization has become established in education at the international level, it should be realized that at the moment there is no single policy or strategy for the internationalization of the higher education system in Armenia, both at the regional and national levels. The lack of uniform strategy is in some way offset at the institutional level: the increasing number of Armenian higher education institutions have integrated internationalization, to varying degrees, in their mission and vision. It can be seen in the activities of the leading universities in Armenia. The global knowledge economy requires all universities to be the competitors for students, faculties, strategic partnerships, and research funding, as well as to prepare their graduates to be global professionals, scholars, highly demanded and competitive. Indicating the mechanism of the implementation of an international component into the existing curricula, programs, research, teaching, and learning processes may contribute to the understanding of the process of internationalization of higher education. Thus, more research is needed on the experience of Armenia and other countries in implementing the provisions of the Bologna process. The purpose of this article is to examine the theoretical and practical aspects of the internationalization process, identifying some challenges and obstacles for the Armenian higher education system and presenting possible ways of overcoming them."
Conservation and Care among the Cofán in the Ecuadorian Amazon
(2021) Esbach, Michael; Lu, Flora; Borman Quenama, Felipe
"Accelerating deforestation and ecological degradation, linked to political and economic policies and agendas that endanger the health, well-being, and cultural survival of Indigenous people, present dire threats to the Amazonian biome and its inhabitants. Confronting these challenges necessitates a unified response by local and global partners. However, some conservationists, predominantly from the Global North, have perpetuated problematic, essentialised framings of Indigenous communities, which have even led them to advocate for punitive protectionist policies that we argue are morally and conceptually flawed. Western scientific and popular discourse often presents nature conservation via protected areas as a universal good. In this article, we argue for a more pluralistic approach; one that calls for an equitable footing between Indigenous knowledge and sustainability science. We examine a case study of the Cofán community of Zábalo in the Ecuadorian Amazon, where collective efforts to tsampima coiraye (care for the forest) have resulted in dynamic institutions adapted to diverse challenges and opportunities. Tsampima coiraye exemplifies a form of caretaking that is distinct from and complementary to Western conservation, one that provides important insights into understanding the context and meanings through which community governance fosters stewardship. We draw upon longitudinal ethnographic fieldwork and the Cofán concept of puifama atesuye (Two-World Knowledge) to describe collective action, community governance, and caretaking."
Applying Elinor Ostrom’s Design Principles to Guide Co-Design in Health(care) Improvement: A Case Study with Citizens Returning to the Community from Jail in Los Angeles County
(2021) Robert, Glenn; Williams, Oli; Lindenfalk, Bertil; Mendel, Peter; Davis, Lois; Turner, Susan; Farmer, Cedric; Branch, Cheryl
"Increased interest in collaborative and inclusive approaches to healthcare improvement makes revisiting Elinor Ostrom’s ‘design principles’ for enabling collective management of common pool resources (CPR) in polycentric systems a timely endeavour. Ostrom proposed a generalisable set of eight core design principles for the efficacy of groups. To consider the utility of Ostrom’s principles for the planning, delivery, and evaluation of future health(care) improvement we retrospectively apply them to a recent co-design project. Three distinct aspects of co-design were identified through consideration of the principles. These related to: (1) understanding and mapping the system (2) upholding democratic values and (3) regulating participation. Within these aspects four of Ostrom’s eight principles were inherently observed. Consideration of the remaining four principles could have enhanced the systemic impact of the co-design process. Reconceptualising co-design through the lens of CPR offers new insights into the successful system-wide application of such approaches for the purpose of health(care) improvement. The eight design principles – and the relationships between them – form a heuristic that can support the planning, delivery, and evaluation of future healthcare improvement projects adopting co-design. They may help to address questions of how to scale up and embed such approaches as self-sustaining in wider systems.
Pembelajaran PAI berbasis Moving Class di SMP Negeri 1 Gudo Jombang
(2020) Moch. Sya'roni, Hasan; Dian Eka, Saputri
"Moving Class is one of the learning models that moves between classes or places of study. This learning model is applied to the learning of Islamic religious education in SMP Negeri 1 Gudo. The purpose of this study is to describe the implementation of the Moving Class in the learning of Islamic Religious Education in SMP Negeri 1 Gudo Jombang. Thus the conclusions of the results of the study are: The Implementation of Moving Classes in Islamic Religious Education learning in SMP Negeri 1 Gudo is one of the efforts to create a new learning process, so that it is not saturated because of the monotony and routine of providing unchanging facilities (classrooms). This junior high school located in Gudo has a goal in implementing moving classes in Islamic religious education learning, which is to change the awkward learning atmosphere to be active, students can argue and can directly practice the material conveyed by the teacher. In learning Islamic religious education a lot of theories that need to be developed, therefore not only understanding the theory, but is also expected to be able to apply in life in society."
Women Empowerment through Social Framework: An Assessment of Self Help Group in the Context of Micro Credit
(2020) Rahul, P.
"Women empowerment is critical in economic growth, society and household. Self Help Group (SHG) is leading the way for women empowerment. These SHG are funded by various micro-financial institutions to strengthen the core ideas of empowering women monetarily while at the same time encourage financial stability around the system. The study covers analysis through primary data and secondary data around SGH and Micro Credit focusing overall financial support rendered by institutions and is based on surveys carried out in three districts of Tamil Nadu. Findings suggest financial independence to women has improved after taking up roles through SHG backed by various micro-credit funding agencies."
The Tiwa Community of Assam: A Historical and Cultural Study
(2024) Doloi, Gargi; Bordoloi, Kongkon; Timung, Bijoy
The Tiwa community, also known as Lalung, is an indigenous ethnic group primarily found in Assam and Meghalaya in Northeast India. They are known for their rich cultural heritage, including a distinct language, unique socio-religious practices, and a vibrant history. This article explores the origins, cultural evolution, socio-political structure, and current issues facing by the Tiwa community. This paper will provide a comprehensive understanding of the Tiwa Tribe’s history, geographical settlement, religious belief, cultural practices, and the significance of their folk festival in strengthening social integrity in Assam.
Adaptation Strategies and Collective Dynamics of Extraction in Networked Commons of Bistable Resources
(2021) Schauf, Andrew; Oh, Poong
"When populations share common-pool resources (CPRs), individuals decide how much effort to invest towards resource extraction and how to allocate this effort among available resources. We investigate these dual aspects of individual choice in networked games where resources undergo regime shifts between discrete quality states (viable or depleted) depending on collective extraction levels. We study the patterns of extraction that emerge on various network types when agents are free to vary extraction from each CPR separately to maximize their short-term payoffs. Using these results as a basis for comparison, we then investigate how results are altered if agents fix one aspect of adaptation (magnitude or allocation) while letting the other vary. We consider two constrained adaptation strategies: uniform adaptation, whereby agents adjust their extraction levels from all CPRs by the same amount, and reallocation, whereby agents selectively shift effort from lower- to higher-quality resources. A preference for uniform adaptation increases collective wealth on degree-heterogeneous agent-resource networks. Further, low-degree agents retain preferences for these constrained strategies under reinforcement learning. Empirical studies have indicated that some CPR appropriators ignore—while others emphasize—allocation aspects of adaptation; our results demonstrate that structural patterns of resource access can determine which behavior is more advantageous."
Lived Experiences, Challenges, and Coping Mechanisms of Teachers on the Current Paradigm Shift in Education: A Phenomenological Study
(2022) Nalla, Risalita C
"This study employed an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) which aimed to explore the lived experiences, challenges, and coping mechanisms of teachers in the public school both in elementary and secondary schools in Malolos, Bulacan. The findings of this study revealed that most teachers are significantly challenged with the poor internet connection, multitasking and multitudes of paperwork to be submitted, communication with the parents and teachers and the different modalities of learning which are cited as the contributing factors of stress and anxiety. As to the experiences of the teachers, they became a module writer, online teacher, reporter while doing the online classes and juggling with the work at home as a homemaker. However, the good experiences of this pandemic brought realization to the teachers that they were able to unleash their potential and utilized the skills needed to survive in this difficult time. Moreover, teachers coped up with the situations through prayers, listening and watching motivational videos, yoga and others became farmers too just to avoid stress. Finally, the teachers also gave their suggestions to further help other teachers also who are struggling during this pandemic. Majority of the participants gave emphasis to focus on stabilizing mental health. Others also highlighted the need to seek the assistance of other people who are knowledgeable in terms of ICT. Continuing innovation and researching to update oneself was also one of the suggested ways to deal with the current paradigm shift in education."
Effects of Uniform-allocation Constraints in Networked Common-pool Resource Extraction Games
(2022) Schauf, Andrew; Oh, Poong
"Communities that share common-pool resources (CPRs) often coordinate their actions to sustain resource quality more effectively than if they were regulated by some centralized authority. Networked models of CPR extraction suggest that the flexibility of individual agents to selectively allocate extraction effort among multiple resources plays an important role in maximizing their payoffs. However, empirical evidence suggests that real-world CPR appropriators may often de-emphasize issues of allocation, for example by responding to the degradation of a single resource by reducing extraction from multiple resources, rather than by reallocating extraction effort away from the degraded resource. Here, we study the population-level consequences that emerge when individuals are constrained to apply an equal amount of extraction effort to all CPRs that are available to them within an affiliation network linking agents to resources. In systems where all resources have the same capacity, this uniform-allocation constraint leads to reduced collective wealth compared to unconstrained best-response extraction, but it can produce more egalitarian wealth distributions. The differences are more pronounced in networks that have higher degree heterogeneity among resources. In the case that the capacity of each CPR is proportional to its number of appropriators, the uniform-allocation constraint can lead to more efficient collective extraction since it serves to distribute the burden of over-extraction more evenly among the network’s CPRs. Our results reinforce the importance of adaptive allocation in self-regulation for populations who share linearly degrading CPRs; although uniform-allocation extraction habits can help to sustain higher resource quality than does unconstrained extraction, in general this does not improve collective benefits for a population in the long term."
Modernity, the Commons and Capitalism
(2020) Skouras, George
"The modern way of life and reflected in modern political philosophy is directed by capitalist activity of both commodities and persons. Entities that do not have commodity value are worthless to the capitalist enterprise, regardless of any intrinsic value in themselves. Modernity is capitalist modernity. Modernity has given preference for objects/commodities over persons. This paper will argue for opening-up the landscape for alternative experiences to capitalism, as an attempt to move away from the capitalist enterprise. That is, be able to provide open space for people to use other than the buying and selling of commodities---where the commodification process breaks down and opens-up spaces for alternative experiences besides the capitalist experience. In other words, this work will attempt to serve as critique of Enlightenment philosophical discourse---that is, serve as a critique of the Age of Enlightenment serving as the foundational head of modernism---a plea for the rebellion against the quantification and mathematization of reality under modernist and industrial societies. It will use the modern landscape as the first effort to break free from the capitalist enterprise."

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