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Journal Article The Network Structure of Adaptive Governance: A Single Case Study of a Fish Management Area(2010) Sandström, Annica; Rova, Carl"The challenge of establishing adaptive management systems is a widely discussed topic in the literature on natural resource management. Adaptive management essentially focuses on achieving a governance process that is both sensitive to and has the capacity to continuously react to changes within the ecosystem being managed. The adoption of a network approach that perceives governance structures as social networks, searching for the kind of network features promoting this important feature, has been requested by researchers in the field. In particular, the possibilities associated with the application of a formal network approach, using the tools and concepts of social network analysis (SNA), have been identified as having significant potential for advancing this branch of research. This paper aims to address the relation between network structure and adaptability using an empirical approach. With the point of departure in a previously generated theoretical framework as well as related hypotheses, this paper presents a case study of a governance process within a fish management area in Sweden. The hypotheses state that, although higher levels of network density and centralisation promote the rule-forming process, the level of network heterogeneity is important for the existence and spread of ecological knowledge among the actors involved. According to the empirical results, restricted by the single-case study design, this assumption is still a well-working hypothesis. However, in order to advance our knowledge concerning these issues and test the validity of the hypotheses, more empirical work using a similar approach in multiple case study designs is needed."Journal Article Salmon Sans Borders(2009) Pedersen, Steinar"Fishing for salmon along the Deatnu or Tana river has long been fundamental to the culture of the indigenous Sámi people along the Finland-Norway border."Journal Article An Empirical Analysis of the Social and Ecological Outcomes of State Subsidies for Small-Scale Fisheries: A Case Study from Chile(2011) Mondaca, Carolin; Aburto, Jaime; Cundill, Georgina; Lancellotti, Domingo; Tapia, Carlos; Stotz, Wolfgang"Small-scale fisheries, which are often associated with low levels of income and poor infrastructure, receive substantial funding from governmental institutions worldwide. Very few empirical studies have explored the outcomes of these investments for people and ecosystems. This paper presents the findings of a study aimed at assessing the social and ecological outcomes of government subsidies for small-scale fisheries through an analysis of 32 fishing villages, referred to as caletas, in Chile over a 12-year period. Findings suggest that the funding appears to be higher for those caletas with the highest value landings and is unrelated to socioeconomic need or poverty; that caletas in rural areas receive less investment than their urban counterparts; that funding did not lead to a positive improvement in either the landings or income for fishers; and, finally, that funding appears to be a consequence of, rather than a reason for, the ecological and productive history of fisheries. These findings challenge two assumptions informing the debate about subsidization in small-scale fisheries: first, that subsidization will lead to over-exploitation, and second, that subsidies are supplied to alleviate poverty."Journal Article Corals, Fishermen and Tourists(2004) Kunzmann, A."Two major anthropogenic activities that disturb coral reefs are fishing and tourism, even though coral reefs are important for both fishing and tourism. Already more than 60 per cent of all reefs worldwide are endangered. The use of explosives and poison by small-scale fishers, to supply the market for live fish for aquariums and for human consumption, cause irreversible damages to reefs. Similarly, rapid and unmanaged coastal development for marine tourism negatively affects coral reefs in many ways. Though marine parks and marine protected areas are being promoted all over the world, developing countries need assistance in establishing and assessing such reserves and for taking appropriate actions for rehabilitation of reefs. These can be accomplished through partnership projects."Journal Article Poverty Measurements in Small-Scale Fisheries of Ghana: A Step Towards Poverty Eradication(2013) Ofori-Danson, Patrick K.; Sarpong, Daniel B.; Sumaila, Ussif R.; Nunoo, Francis K. E.; Asiedu, Berchie"This study examined measurements of poverty in small-scale fishing communities of Ghana using FGT techniques and the Sumaila Relative Poverty Indices. Findings show that poverty head-count index was between 35.5% and 50% using the Local Poverty line and up to 80% using the International Poverty line. In terms of vulnerability, irrespective of the main fishing activity, community (rural or urban) and habitat of fishery resources (freshwater or marine), fishers were facing identical sources of vulnerability. Marginalization indicators were relatively better in the urban fishing communities (90%) than in the rural fishing communities (50%-80%)."Journal Article Worn-out Policies(2008) Galli, Oscar"Over a four-month period, from April to July 2007, the Uruguayan industrial fishing industry was paralyzed by a labour dispute. This followed the breakdown, on 30 April 2007, of the agreement between the National Syndicate of Seafarers (SUNTMA) and the Organization of Uruguayan Vessel Owners (CAPU)."Journal Article Historical Perspectives and Recent Trends in the Coastal Mozambican Fishery(2013) Blythe, Jessica L.; Murray, Grant; Flaherty, Mark S."Historical data describing changing social-ecological interactions in marine systems can help guide small-scale fisheries management efforts. Fisheries landings data are often the primary source for historical reconstructions of fisheries; however, we argue that reliance on data of a single type and/or from a single scale can lead to potentially misleading conclusions. For example, a narrow focus on aggregate landings statistics can mask processes and trends occurring at local scales, as well as the complex social changes that result from and precipitate marine ecosystem change. Moreover, in the case of many small-scale fisheries, landings statistics are often incomplete and/or inaccurate. We draw on case study research in Mozambique that combines national landings statistics and career history interviews with fish harvesters to generate a multi-scale historical reconstruction that describes social-ecological interactions within the coastal Mozambican fishery. At the national level, our analysis points toward trends of fishing intensification and decline in targeted species, and it highlights the significant impact of small-scale fisheries on marine stocks. At the local level, fishers are experiencing changes in fish abundance and distribution, as well as in their physical, social, and cultural environments, and have responded by increasing their fishing effort. We conclude with a discussion of the governance implications of our methodological approach and findings."Journal Article Formalizing Indigenous Fishing Rights(2008) Pedersen, Steinar"Recent developments in Norway seem to indicate that the rights of the traditional small-scale Coast Sami people will finally be formally recognized."Journal Article Pitiful Plunder(2009) Fatima, Shailey"The social, environmental and economic destruction that results from the plunder of land in Bangladesh by the shrimp industry is pitiful."Journal Article The Backward-Bending Supply Curve of the Fishing Industry(2007) Copes, Parzival"Proceeding from an article by Gordon, published in 1954, the substance of an economic theory of the fisheries has emerged from the writings of a number of economists. The theory has emphasized the common- property nature of the fishery resource, generally leading to an 'over-exploitation' that results in dissipation of the rent that the resource could yield."