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Journal Article Eviction for Conservation: A Global Overview(2006) Brockington, Dan; Igoe, James"Displacement resulting from the establishment and enforcement of protected areas has troubled relationships between conservationists and rural groups in many parts of the world. This paper examines one aspect of displacement: eviction from protected areas. We examine divergent opinions about the quality of information available in the literature. We then examine the literature itself, discussing the patterns visible in nearly 250 reports we compiled over the last two years. We argue that the quality of the literature is not great, but that there are signs that this problem is primarily concentrated in a few regions of the world. We show that there has been a remarkable surge of publications about relocation after 1990, yet most protected areas reported in these publications were established before 1980. This reflects two processes, first a move within research circles to recover and rediscover protected areas' murky past, and second stronger enforcement of existing legislation. We review the better analyses of the consequences of relocation from protected areas which are available and highlight areas of future research."Journal Article Learning, Signaling, and Social Preferences in Public-Good Games(2006) Janssen, Marco A.; Ahn, Toh-Kyeong"This study compares the empirical performance of a variety of learning models and theories of social preferences in the context of experimental games involving the provision of public goods. Parameters are estimated via maximum likelihood estimation. We also performed estimations to identify different types of agents and distributions of parameters. The estimated models suggest that the players of such games take into account the learning of others and are belief learners. Despite these interesting findings, we conclude that a powerful method of model selection of agent-based models on dynamic social dilemma experiments is still lacking."Journal Article Salmon Sans Borders(2009) Pedersen, Steinar"Fishing for salmon along the Deatnu or Tana river has long been fundamental to the culture of the indigenous Sámi people along the Finland-Norway border."Journal Article Democracia y Desarrollo: La Busqueda Compartida de Soluciones(2004) Gijsbers, Wim"Leon Janssen es integrante de una consultoria, que asesora al gobierno de Holanda en planeacion ambiental, mientras que su colega Marco Janssen -tambien holandes, pero no familia- es investigador, colaborando con la doctora Elinor Ostrom en la Universidad de Indiana, EUA. Participando en la conferencia mundial sobre Recursos de Uso Comun, el pasado mes de agosto en Oaxaca, ambos visitaron comunidades de la Sierra Norte, hechos que les hicieron reflexionar sus propios criterios sobre participacion, motivacion y desarrollo. Leon: 'En Nuevo Zoquiapam, los campesinos buscan un equilibrio en el uso de sus recursos naturales, como el bosque, agua, peces y su agricultura. No se consideran pobres. Esta actitud solo ocurre con una motivacion interna, que acepta ciertas diferencias en bienestar.' Marco esta impactado por los logros en los Pueblos Mancomunados, resultado de un orgullo y una coherencia social. "Los dos investigadores buscan entender el por que de cambios economicos, ambientales y sociales dentro de la globalizacion mundial. Leon quien visita Oaxaca por segunda vez, observa cambios fuertes aqui: 'Al parecer, los oaxaquenos son mas ricos que hace diez anos. Hay mas carros, 'todo el mundo' tiene television y telefono celular, cosas materiales que en Holanda tambien queremos. Sin embargo, Ã?¿como se relacionan estos logros materiales con las perdidas culturales y ambientales?' Estos nuevos valores y desarrollos tienen consecuencias para las ciencias, suponiendo un compromiso social que estas tengan. Marco: 'Tenemos que mostrar a los estudiantes la diversidad de respuestas que encontramos entre los distintos pueblos en el mundo.'"Journal Article Fundamental Re-thinking of Our Association is needed...(2007) Capistrano, Doris"The IASC is indeed a remarkable association; and it has been quite successful. Established with the modest goals of encouraging exchange of knowledge and experience among disciplines, between scholarship and practice, and promoting appropriate institutional design, it ended up contributing to the establishment of a new field of study on the commons. An unmistakable mark of the Association's success is the mainstreaming of its flagship themes and topics in professional conferences and disciplinary associations, including economics."Journal Article Ecologists as the New Management Elite?(2000) Colding, Johan"Can a set of articles published by some of the most prominent ecologists of our time be analyzed in a fashion that increases our confidence about the meaning of sustainable development? Yes, according to Emery Roe's (1998) Taking Complexity Seriously: Policy Analysis, Triangulation and Sustainable Development. "The objective of this book is to analyze the debate about sustainable development that took place in 1993 in the journal Ecological Applications. This debate was sparked by an article in Science by Ludwig et al. (1993), who stated, among other things, that plans founded on claims of sustainability should be 'distrusted.' Roe not only analyzes the views of various ecologists on sustainable development, but he does this from the perspective of four specific theories and frameworks. These include Girardian economic theory (dealt with in Part I of the book), cultural theory (Part II), critical theory (Part III), and the local justice framework (Part IV). "The reason Roe selected these four approaches is because they differ so dramatically from each other. By taking these approaches, Roe is making use of a conventional method in the social sciences known as triangulation. Triangulation uses multiple methods, databases, and theories to study the same object, event, or phenomenon. In triangulation, the selected approaches should be as radically different (orthogonal) as possible, and each approach should function as a critique of the others to 'confirm the complexity' analyzed. As Roe puts it, triangulation may increase 'our confidence as to what sustainable development is all about, given the admitted complexity of the topic.'"Journal Article Poverty Measurements in Small-Scale Fisheries of Ghana: A Step Towards Poverty Eradication(2013) Ofori-Danson, Patrick K.; Sarpong, Daniel B.; Sumaila, Ussif R.; Nunoo, Francis K. E.; Asiedu, Berchie"This study examined measurements of poverty in small-scale fishing communities of Ghana using FGT techniques and the Sumaila Relative Poverty Indices. Findings show that poverty head-count index was between 35.5% and 50% using the Local Poverty line and up to 80% using the International Poverty line. In terms of vulnerability, irrespective of the main fishing activity, community (rural or urban) and habitat of fishery resources (freshwater or marine), fishers were facing identical sources of vulnerability. Marginalization indicators were relatively better in the urban fishing communities (90%) than in the rural fishing communities (50%-80%)."Journal Article Protecting and Strengthening Traditional Knowledge Innovation Systems(2005) Brahy, Nicolas; Tobin, Brendan"Traditional knowledge was long considered little more than unscientific and irrelevant hocus pocus of witchdoctors or slavish repetition of outdated farming methods by unsophisticated peasants. It is now, however, increasingly being recognized as a complex and dynamic system of knowledge developed over centuries through research, investigation, application, modification, and innovation by indigenous and local communities - and deserving of protection."Journal Article Formalizing Indigenous Fishing Rights(2008) Pedersen, Steinar"Recent developments in Norway seem to indicate that the rights of the traditional small-scale Coast Sami people will finally be formally recognized."Journal Article Pitiful Plunder(2009) Fatima, Shailey"The social, environmental and economic destruction that results from the plunder of land in Bangladesh by the shrimp industry is pitiful."