4 results
Search Results
Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
Conference Paper Decision-making Processes in the Management of Coastal Commons: Case Studies from the Caribbean(1995) Thebaud, Olivier; Renard, Yves"The paper focuses on Coastal Zone Management issues in the small Caribbean islands of Martinique and Saint-Lucia, and underlines the importance of understanding decision-making processes in the implementation of collective measures to regulate the access to and use of coastal resources. The two islands appear to face similar problems linked to the increase and diversification of the demand for these resources. Multiple activities, particularly tourism and leisure activities, have developed in recent years, both on land and at sea, together with growing urbanization and the concentration of communication infrastructures in the sea shore. Despite new and strengthened public regulations, there appears to be an increase in the number of conflictual situations, and a growing need for more efficient collective management of the coastal areas. "Reference is made to a study led in Martinique in 1993 under an IFREMER (Institut Francais de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer) research programme concerning coastal conflicts analysis, and to the work done by CANARI (Caribbean Natural Resources Institute) in both the analysis of conflicts and the provision of assistance in the definition of a regional management program for the district of Soufriere in Saint-Lucia. In the case of Martinique, the study showed that effective management of coastal areas as public property on the island did not result of integrated decision making, more or less efficiently implemented through a single decision-maker's actions, but rather of simultaneous interactions between different actors involved in coastal use. This has led to situations of free access and conflicts, which are managed through locally devised, collective regulation systems, following general public land management principles. The case of Soufriere, where a specific institutions integrating local activities into a collective regulation system was created, gives an illustration of the negotiation process and problems encountered in the tackling the establishment of practical rules of access to and use of coastal resources."Conference Paper The Long-Term Power of Common Property Resources; Local management of the International Demand for Shellfish in Chile(1995) Payne, Holly E. X."Of the shellfish products exported by Chile, the indigenous 'abalone' (Concholepas concholepas) claims the highest local and international price. Uncontrolled harvesting of the formerly abundant resource resulted in its dramatic decline. Since 1989, the Chilean government has banned abalone extraction to enable the resource to recuperate. In addition, common property favoring sustainable extraction by small-scale fishers is now legally recognized. Shellfish 'Management Areas' in the form of marine concessions may be obtained from the government by small-scale fishing unions. The organizational structures of four such unions, with and without Management Areas, were observed with respect to their abilities to control international demand favoring 'abalone' extraction. Under heightened political pressure, when the harvest ban was lifted and prices were more favorable, well-organized unions with Management Areas chose not to extract 'abalone'. Instead they voted to leave their resource inside of their legally recognized common property areas to accumulate value for sustained use in the future."Conference Paper Coastal Resource Management: Institutions and Conflict Avoidance(1995) Fingleton, Paul; MacCann, Sarah; Whelan, Brendan"This study is investigating the potential for sustainable development of the coastal zone through sectoral integration. A fundamental part of this investigation involves the examination of policies and attitudes which govern the exploitation of the resource, from local to international levels. One case study examines these factors as they relate to one specific coastal area. The second looks at one specific species of fish, the Atlantic Salmon. "This fish has previously been exploited at every opportunity from its feeding grounds to the spawning rivers. Mounting pressures have in recent years caused many fisheries to cease to intercept these migratory fish. In Ireland the practice continues and it is now the Irish home drift net fishery which presents the biggest obstacle to returning fish. This fishery receives significant indirect funding from sources including the EC. Other less obvious factors which adversely affect the species such as water pollution and sedimentation arise as a result of land based developments in industry, agriculture and urban development -- often financially assisted by the EU. It is this kind of conflict which this study is identifying with the aim of finding means by which they may be resolved."Conference Paper Transformation of the Coastal Commons Through Cooperative Fishing Arrangements(1995) Queirolo, Lewis E.; Johnston, Richard S.; Zhang, Zhengkun"For centuries the world's oceans have been regarded as the common heritage of all mankind, held in trust for the collective good. When demands upon the oceans were relatively few, such a perspective was probably not unreasonable. But the burgeoning of human populations and the accelerated growth of technology have conspired, in the latter decades of the twentieth century, to make the concept of a 'common property interest in the oceans' functionally obsolete. "In response, many coastal nations have unilaterally extended economic jurisdiction over adjacent waters, traditionally regarded as 'open ocean.' Although petroleum exploration, minerals mining, etc., have been a consideration in extended jurisdiction, living marine resources, and particularly fisheries, have been the principal focus. "While extended jurisdiction has characterised most of the world's marine fisheries for the past 15 years, nations continue to look for their comparative advantage positions in that sector. In so doing, they sample from a variety of production and trade arrangements. "In studying the resulting resource allocation, analysts should distinguish between the terms of agreements between partners operating in isolation and those that result when there are many potential partners. Competitive conditions on both sides of the market for access to resources may reduce the magnitude of potential asymmetric information problems. Indeed, as the number of potential partners rises, instability and conflict within co-operative fishing arrangements may decline, smoothing the transition of the commons to a regulated resource management state."