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Book Local Control and Management of Our Commons: Stories of Rising to the Challenge(Council of Canadians, 2009) Davidson-Harden, Adam; Spronk, Susan; McDonald, David; Bakker, Karen; Davidson-Harden, Adam"As we seek to better understand what circumstances local alternatives for democratic, equitable and sustainable control of water Commons are working best, water justice activists in the North and South continue to rediscover the wealth of alternatives in the indigenous societies that so-called 'modernization' has effectively neglected, excluded and degraded. We find ourselves marveling at the amazing diversity of culturally-specifi c economic and political traditions around water that both exist and are being created. These living experiments, present in both indigenous and non indigenous societies, help us redefi ne the meaning and practice of the water Commons and of water justice. Toward exploring such positive solutions, this report draws together 21 'tools' or cases of local action that emphasize local control of the water Commons for equitable access and sustainability. This collection is by no means complete. In fact, this is the strength of the alternatives out there: there is a true wealth of them. These tools are meant to provoke discussion and dialogue, and to raise further questions and answers."Book Vision for Village Tanks of Tamil Nadu(DHAN Foundation, 2004) Seenivasan, R.; Arnad Kumar, P."A vision for conservation and development of the village Tanks of Tamilnadu is presented. The vision is a product of a series of stakeholders meetings organised across the state of Tamilnadu, India. The document presents the current problems and what can be done for the alleviation and restoration of them."Book Affronter la Crise de l’Eau en Afrique Rurale, là Où Chaque Goutte Compte(2009) Skinner, Jamie"En Afrique rurale, la ‘pauvreté en eau’ peut ruiner les vies humaines et moyens de subsistance. Les enfants âgés de moins de cinq ans sont extrêmement vulnérables aux maladies d’origine hydrique. A Londres, une conduite d’eau rompue est un incident fâcheux, certes, mais en Afrique sub-saharienne, un puits hors d’usage peut provoquer une catastrophe. Et c’est cette catastrophe qui se propage sur l’ensemble du continent, où on estime à 50.000 le nombre de points d’approvisionnement en eau qui ne fonctionnent plus. Ceci est principalement dû au manque de prévoyance du service des eaux pour l’entretien systématique de l’infrastructure, qui freine considérablement la perspective d’atteindre les Objectifs du Millénaire pour le Développement en matière d’eau et d’assainissement. Pourtant, des plans détaillés existent pour la construction et le financement de puits de tous genres, et l’approvisionnement en eau potable à long terme n’exige pas de connaissances poussées. Pour être durable, l’investissement direct dans l’infrastructure d’approvisionnement en eau nécessite également de déterminer qui la maintiendra et d’où proviendront les fonds et les compétences à cet égard."Book What is the Right Form of Irrigation Organization?(1986) Wade, Robert"At least one leading practitioner of organizational design has come, like myself, to the conclusion that organizaton theory does not have much to offer on the question of appropriate design. William Smith, who in 1980 wrote a long paper called 'The design of organizations for rural development—-a progress report', which set out a very abstract framework for that purpose, has in the intervening years come to the conclusion that no generalizations are possible about appropriate organizational arrangements. The only plausible generalizations are those to do with the process by which an appropriate form of organization may be discovered for each unique case. But that is to throw the baby out with the bathwater. Smith's generalist method seems to rule out drawing upon generalizations about experience with different forms of organization elsewhere, as well as (such as credit, fertilizer, agricultural extension). Others at the other extreme say that it should be a single-purpose agency, concerned only with the supply of water and maintenance of the water supply facilities. We could call these two camps the 'integrationists' on the one hand, and the 'specializationists' on the other. I shall discuss these issues of horizontal organization first, and come back later to the important but less contested questions of vertical organization."Book Institutions that Cannot Manage Change: A Gandhian Perspective on the Cauvery Dispute in South India(2009) Pani, Narendar"There is a growing recognition that water conflicts extend well beyond issues of water scarcity. Perceptions of scarcity are themselves based on assumptions of what is sufficient. And what is considered sufficient is in turn influenced by a number of social, economic and even political considerations. There is thus a need for a more inclusive method of understanding water conflicts and the institutions needed to address them. Among such alternative methods is the one used by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. This paper adopts the Gandhian method to reinterpret the interstate dispute over the water of the south Indian river, Cauvery. It then uses this more inclusive method to identify the conflict-easing and conflict- enhancing aspects of the dispute. In the process, the limitations of the existing institutions in addressing the conflict become evident."Book Biology and Management of the Floodwater Ecosystem in Ricefields(International Rice Research Institute, 1996) Roger, Pierre A.From Foreword: "In this book, the author focuses on management practices that maintain soil fertility, preserve or even improve the floodwater environment, and provide opportunities for diversifying sources of food and income beyond rice monoculture. An appendix provides details on various methods for conducting ecological studies in ricefields and evaluates the different methods in relation to their suitability for different kinds of studies."Book Geopolítica del agua y heartland blue. Patagonia y acuífero guaraní (1990-2012)(Ariadna Ediciones, 2024) Manzano, KarenIn the 21st century, water has become more important in the world. The book “Water Geopolitics and Heartland Blue” seeks to answer some doubts that have arisen about how this vital element will be addressed by states that, in one way or another, share surface, underground and even frozen water basins. For this purpose, two specific cases were selected, the Guaraní Aquifer and Patagonia, which within the southern cone of America correspond to two of the largest reserves that currently exist and for this, the author seeks to analyze the actions of the countries involved. in them: Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay and Paraguay in the Guaraní Aquifer; Chile and Argentina in Patagonia, between the years 1990 – 2012.Book Political Weights and Cooperative Solutions to Externality Problems: The Case of Irrigation Water(1991) Loehman, Edna T.; Dinar, Ariel"Cooperative technology improvements may ameliorate externalities. However, cooperative solutions may not be achieved without appropriate institutional mechanisms. Here, design of such an institutional mechanism is proposed based on combining aspects of games proposed for public goods and externality problems. A solution concept, an 'acceptable cooperative solution', is also proposed; such a solution would be accepted because it is unanimously preferred to the status quo and to a noncooperative 'threat point.' The proposed institutional design is based on a repeated Prisoner's Dilemma game. Both noncooperative and cooperative outcomes are defined in terms of political weights on game players. Cost shares in the cooperative case are used to cover the cost of joint facilities, and Pigouvian taxes are used to give appropriate information signals. Cost shares are equal to political weights to give incentives for correct demand revelation. At the equilibrium of such a game, a set of political weights is produced corresponding to an acceptable cooperative solution. Concepts are applied to an irrigation externality problem in the Central Valley of California to demonstrate existence of an acceptable solution."Book An Application of 'Governing the Commons' on Irrigation Institutions in Thailand(1997) Ounvichit, Tassanee"This paper aims to apply Ostrom's model of self-organizing entities to govern common pool resources (CPR) on the irrigation institutions in Thailand. This application is an academic exercise that would help me to understand Ostrom's Governing the Commons. Information regarding Thailand in all respects, e.g. water users groups, Thai society and culture, policy trend of the Royal Irrigation Department (RID), etc. is purely based on personal experience, thus limited precision will be anticipated. Ostrom's focus on the bottom-up approach (i.e. even the institutional changes should be proposed by irrigation communities and not the central government) is acknowledged. But since I am not a member of such communities, my perspective will mainly be from the side of a bureaucrat who wants to see changes. Since I have never spent adequate portion of time with any single irrigation association, this paper will rely on a very generally perceived features of irrigation associations that I extensively visited as part of my official duties. This preliminary brainstorm would pave a way for a more systematic study based on specific water associations that would reveal more particulars and variables of the complex world."Book Evaluation of Annual Runoff in Tropical African Sahel(ORSTOM, 1982) Rodier, J.A."The estimate of the annual total runoff from water courses in the SAHEL which is the object of this study, forms, together with the estimate of the maximum flow rates and volumes of exceptional floods, one of the two problems which are most difficult to salve before any project for the management of water resources may be undertaken."
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