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Book Chapter Public Choice Analysis of Institutional Constraints on Firewood Production Strategies in the West African Sahel(Resources for the Future, Inc, 1979) Thomson, James T.; Russell, C. S.; Nicholson, Norman"This essay presents a public choice policy analysis of firewood production possibilities in the West African Sahel, the arid southern fringe of the Sahara Desert."Book 100 Years of Indian Forestry. Volume 2: Forests(Manager Government of India Press, 1961) Forest Research Institute"This volume, 'The Forests', which is a companion volume to the Souvenir issued on 18th November, 1961 to commemorate the Centenary of Forest Administration in India, is intended to give a bird's-eye view of forestry in India at the present time. The forest types of India, the protective, productive and industrial aspects of forestry, forest management and working plans, forest education and research, wild like, etc., have all been briefly reviewed, neccessarily in a restricted compass. It will be seen that the achievements of forestry in India have been remarkable indeed, more so in the context of the handicaps, particularly the apathy of the general public, that impedes progress. It is the hope that these achievements will help to inspire added confidence in the workers in the field and spur them on to fresh efforts in tackling the vast problems before us."Book 100 Years of Indian Forestry. Volume 1: Souvenir(Manager Government of India Press, 1961) Forest Research Institute"This Souvenir is a brief survey of the growth ol Indian Forest Administration from a small beginning and gives a general picture of its outstanding achievements in various fields during the last 100 years. The period between 1856 and 1864 was one of intense activity in the organisation of Forest Department, and the year 1961 has therefore been selected as a representative year for celebrating the Centenary of Forest Administration."Journal Article Where Forest Reserves Improve Agriculture(1975) Adeyoju, S. Kolade"The creation of forest reserves in the tropics can have a good effect on the quality of agriculture. The same people who destroy forests in order to carry out low-yield farming and grazing can be persuaded into better ways through sensible forest reserve policies. The author draws on Nigeria's experience."Journal Article Sociological Problems and Asian Forestry(1969) Nowak, K.; Polycarpou, Andreas"A seminar on social relations in the forestry sector for participants from Asian countries, sponsored by the Swedish International Development Authority, FAO and the Government of Cyprus was arranged in September-October 1969. A preparatory, fact-finding mission to selected countries in the region was undertaken early in 1969."Journal Article Agri-Silviculture in Tropical America(1979) Weaver, Peter"Agri-silviculture is a production scheme that supplies wood, foodstuffs and/or animal products from a single management unit where good agricultural practices are complemented by the judicious use of trees. Such a unit could be a farm, a small community or a portion of a watershed. Despite its numerous benefits, agri-silviculture should not be seen as a substitute for intensive agriculture or forestry on any given terrain. Trees compete for light and water, and unless properly managed, can reduce marketable produce. Agri-silviculture is best viewed as one means to keep certain slopes in permanent production or to rehabilitate lands degraded by poor agriculture practices."Working Paper On Selling the National Forests: A Preliminary Analysis(1972) Stroup, Richard; Baden, John"During the past few years the Sierra Club and its allies have come to an agreement with those in the forest products industry. It seems clear, in fact, that nearly all parties agree that the National Forests are not being 'properly' managed. In brief, this means that none of the various competing interests feel that the National Forests are managed for them. From this we can infer that the Forest Service has not been 'captured' by any single group. Thus, given that the Forest Service has responsibility for substantial and highly valued resources and that it has great managerial discretion, we may be confident that the various interested parties will continue efforts to impose their policy preferences upon the decisions of the Forest Service."Working Paper Bureaucracy and the Unmanaged Forest Commons in Costa Rica (Or Why Development Does not Grow on Trees)(1979) Guess, George M."Due to the continuing manifested lack of viable planning for forestation by most governments, there are analysts who firmly believe that the responsibility for long-range planning and implementation and control of plans will increasingly fall upon large domestic and multi- national corporations. If governments are truly concerned about the probably increasing dominance of the world economy by multinational corporations (both privately and/or publicly owned), the most apparent alternative to sheer volatile legislative control is to improve national planning modes substantially, including the control of the implementation of long-range and related short-range plans. Government sponsored control systems must always remain relatively ineffective unless tied inextricably to major viable objectives (long-range aims) and appropriate, viable strategies for their long-range implementation. Similarly, they must be integrally related to viable short-range goals (aims) and operational plans."Journal Article Minor Forest Products: Their Total Value is of a Major Order(1974) Robbins, S.R.J.; Matthews, W.S.A."The authors give a survey of minor forest products which are significant in the economies of tropical lands in particular. These include turpentine from pines, perfumery oils from roots, stumps and fruits of various tree species, and gums and exudates which go into products as different as confectioneries and golf balls. There are also spices, medicines, dyes and tannins. Most minor forest products are export currency earners and many are well suited for local processing industries."Journal Article Social Forestry in India(1979) Pant, M.M."In India, a conceptual distinction has been drawn between production forestry (so far confined mainly to reserved forests) and social forestry (scattered land wherever tree-growing is possible). Social forestry is, in effect, an integral part of the Gandhian philosophy of economic growth and community development. Imagine an economy in which the present idle land and water resources, owned by individuals or communities, are harnessed for better purposes by putting to work unemployed people. The social benefits thus generated and the additional resources so created may serve as stepping stones toward self-sufficiency. The objectives of social forestry as defined by the National Commission on Agriculture (NCA, 1976) are: (a) supply of fuelwood to replace cow dung; (b) supply of small timber; (c) supply of fodder; (d) protection of agricultural fields from wind and soil erosion; and (e) creation of recreational amenities. Its main components are: farm forestry, rural forestry, and urban forestry. Broadly speaking, their objectives are almost identical, the differences being too subtle, but worth examining."