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Working Paper The Need for Multiple Indicators in Measuring the Output of Public Agencies(1973) Ostrom, Elinor"The need for more valid and realizable means of measuring the output of government services at all levels of government is a critical problem for policy analysts. It is particularly important at the municipal level, where such outputs and their variations have the most direct impact upon citizens, and where sophisticated measurement and evaluation capabilities are least likely to be found."Working Paper Indigenous and Institutional Profile: Limpopo River Basin(2006) Earle, Anton; Goldin, Jaqui; Machiridza, Rose; Malzbender, Daniel; Manzungu, Emmanuel; Mpho, Tiego"A major drawback of India's agriculture, watershed development and irrigation strategy has been the neglect of relatively wetter catchment areas and the tribal people living therein. Investing in small-scale interventions for improved water control can produce a dramatic impact on the productivity and dependability of tribal livelihood systems."Working Paper Uplink Porong: Supporting Community-driven Responses to the Mud Volcano Disaster in Sidoarjo, Indonesia(2009) Hamdi, Mujtaba; Hafidz, Wardah; Sauter, Gabriela"This paper profiles the work of a small Indonesian NGO, Uplink Porong, in supporting the many affected households and different village organisations to work together, to develop and implement their own preferred responses and to lobby for support for these. It high-lights the importance of support for this kind of grassroots organising and networking building among those affected by disasters as an important foundation for more appropriate, locally-rooted post-disaster responses. As the profile shows, Uplink has encountered people-driven processes in a context in which the government and private sector are closely intertwined. These difficulties include the politics around the cause ofthe disaster (and thus responsibility), the private sector’s ability to disempower (by weakening co-operation), the need for international support beyond funding, and the lack of understanding of the destruction caused by human-made disasters, particularly where loss of life has not evoked the world’s sympathy or keenness to get involved. The authors suggest that the most important response from external donors would have been to provide on-the-ground long-term support for those affected to build their capacities to develop and implement their own solutions."Working Paper Reappraising Common Property Institutions(1993) Sengupta, Nirmal"'Common pool resources''common property regimes', 'collective actions'-the propriety of such terms has already been established. not so clear is the concept of institutions and organisations with respect to CPR. Current developments demand that this distinction be made thoroughly. For quite some time several concepts of 'institutions were in use. To the property rights theorists institutions were synonymous to implicit and invisible rules. Whole analyzing the visible firms Williamson understood institutions as governance structures. North and Thomas had admitted both types of understandings, by differentiating 'institutional environment' from 'institutional arrangement.' In his recent book, however, North changed the terms calling only the former 'institutions' and the latter 'organisations'. This definition of institutions includes rules, norms of behavior, and the way they are enforced. Organisations are firms, trade unions, political bodies. IASCP seems to have been subscribing to this terminology. Scopes of confusion however, are still there. For example, Elinor Ostrom named her book 'Governing the Commons'--resembling Williamsons' typology. it was followed by a subtitle 'Institutions for Collective Action'. Does it mean that proper terms will be 'common property (pool) organization' and 'institutional collectives?'"Working Paper Adapting Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Patients with Binge Eating and Bulimia Nervosa Disorders(2019) Yacoub, Moustafa"It has been shown that Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) is an effective treatment for patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD), suicidal, and self-injuries behaviors. However, it extends to involve treating various disorders. Studies that conducted on patients with binge eating and bulimia nervosa have demonstrated promising findings in adapting DBT to treat patients with binge eating and bulimia nervosa. This article provides an overview for DBT philosophy and applying this therapeutic approach for patients with binge eating and bulimia nervosa, moreover, it introduces some intriguing studies that offered critical results for DBT interventions."Working Paper The Ginseng Commons of West Virginia(2010) Bollier, David"Folklife and landscape in southern West Virginia."Working Paper Geographical Factors and Efficiency of Institutional Forms in Forest Utilization(1989) Agrawal, ArunFrom Introduction: "In this paper, I will attempt to provide a theoretical justification for the proposition that collective management of forest resources by villagers in certain ecological environments under certain management objectives will be more efficient than private or government management and control of these resources.After all, at the heart of the debate on whether villagers can collectively protect their forest resources is the question of efficient management of these resources. I will use stylized facts from secondary sources to construct the ecological environment that I am interested in investigating. While this particular imaginary situation may not exist in reality, it will describe significant and relevant characteristics of large areas in the Middle Himalayas. Although existing case studies describe these features, usually in detail, they often fail to appreciate the manner in which these features mesh together."Working Paper Inequalities in the Commons: Gender, Class and Caste in Common Property Regimes: A Case from Nepal(1998) Nightingale, Andrea"Common property regimes have been shown to help alleviate inequalities within communities by providing all members access to common pool resources. In addition, many common property regimes have managed specific resources over long periods of time without degrading the resource base. These two qualities have led to increasing recognition that common property regimes offer more sustainable alternatives compared to private property regimes. Environmental and social sustainablity are interconnected given that environmental costs must be eventually paid, and environmental destruction often has the greatest impact on the poorest segments of society. Common property regimes can promote the development of sustainable societies through resource sharing but the internal dynamics of these regimes must be examined. Common property regimes can be the site of gender, class and caste struggles. These struggles can lead to unequal power sharing in management decisions, even when all stake holders participate in the decision making process. The unequal nature of this process can lead to non-compliance. Both the scale and the ecological impact of non-compliance need further systematic investigation. The success of common property regimes may be related to their ability to tolerate some non-compliance but social and ecological limits to that flexibility exist. This paper presents a case study from northwestern Nepal to illustrate these issues and to ask questions that arise from the examples. Understanding these inequalities and how they structure both the common property regime and the management decisions made within the regime are critical if one is interested in promoting similar institutions in other parts of the world or for other common pool resources."Working Paper Plot of One's Own: Gender Relations and Irrigated Land Allocation Policies in Burkina Faso(1997) Zwarteveen, Margreet"Explores the effects of plots allocation on women's labor contributions in the Dakiri irrigation system of Burkina Faso. Compares intra-household distribution of income derived from agricultural activities when men are the sole owners of plots to income distribution when both men and women within the same household own irrigated plots."Working Paper Land Tenure and the Adoption of Agricultural Technology in Haiti(2000) Smucker, Glenn R.; White, T. Anderson; Bannister, Michael"There has long been an active debate in Haiti - as in many other developing countries - over whether or not the customary tenure system constrains technology adoption and agricultural development, and whether cadaster and land titling should be national priorities. This paper contributes to this debate by reviewing and interpreting the body of literature and new empirical evidence concerning the relationship between land tenure and the adoption of technology in rural Haiti. The findings suggest that (a) formal title is not necessarily more secure than informal arrangements, (b) informal arrangements based on traditional social capital resources assure affordable and flexible access to land for most people, and (c) perceived stability of access to land - via stability of personal and social relationships - is a more important determinant of technology adoption than mode of access. The paper concludes that there is no definitive relationship between tenure and technology adoption by peasants; peasants are preoccupied more by political and economic insecurity than insecure tenure; and rather than tinkering with formalizing tenure, policy makers should prioritize other more fundamental rural sector reforms. The paper ends by considering some of the implications for theory and suggests several avenues for future research on land policy."